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Modules 9,10,11 Quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Phrenology | study of bumps on the skull, is a need for critical thinking an scientific analysis |
| Localization of Function | the idea that various brain regions have particular functions |
| Neurons | a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system that fathom our thoughts, memories, and moods |
| Cell Body | the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cells life supporting center |
| Dendrites | receive and integrate messages conducting impulses |
| Axon | passes messages through its branches to neurons, muscles or glands |
| Myelin Sheath | sends messages speedy; ensures transmission of impulse signals |
| Glial Cells | cells in the neuron system that support, nourish, and protect neurons |
| Terminal branches of axons | form junctions with other cells to transmit signals |
| Action Potential | a neural impulse |
| ions | electrically charged atoms |
| Threshold | the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse |
| Refractory Period | in neural processing, a resting pause that occurs after a neuron fires |
| All or none response | a neurons reaction of either firing or not firing |
| Sypnase | the junction between the axon tip of the seding neuron and the dendrite or cell Body of the recieving neuron |
| Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers that cross the syaptic gaps between neurons when released by the sending neuron, neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the receiving neurons |
| Reputake | a neurotransmitters reabsorption by sending neuron |
| Acetylcholine | enables muscle action,learning, and memory |
| Dopamine | influences movement, emotions, and learning |
| Serotonin | affects mood hunger and sleep, and arousal |
| Norepinephine | helps control alertness and arousal |
| GABA | a major inhibitory neurotransmitter |
| Glutamate | a major exacitory neurotransmitter included in memory |
| Endorphins | neurotransmitters that influence the perception of pain or pleasure |
| Agonist | a molecule that increases a neurotransmitters action |
| antagonists | a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neuron transmitters action |
| Substance P | responsible for pain perception and plays a crucial role in transmitting pain signals |
| Eletrical and Chemical signals | constantly sending and receiving and processing information from inside and outside your body |
| Nervous system | the body's electrochemical communication system, responsible for transmitting signals between different parts of the body and coordinating behavior and bodily functions |
| Central Nervous system | the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord; it processes information and coordinates all bodily activities |
| Sensory neurons | transmit signals from the body to the brain |
| Motor neurons | transmit signals from the brain to the body |
| Brain | interpret messages and make decisions |
| Spinal cord | is the brains express highway, carries messages back and forth |
| Peripheal Nervous system | the part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord that carries messages between the body and the central Nervous system |
| Somatic nervous system | the part of peripheal Nervous system that controls voluntary movements |
| autonomic nervous system | the part of peripheal Nervous system that controls involuntary movements |
| Sympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for "fight or flight" responses ; immediate instinct |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | part of the autonomic nervous system that helps the body calm down after stress or this immediate reaction |
| What I s the process of Action Potential | Resting potential, threshold, depolarization, repolarization, refractory period |
| repolarization | the start time after a neuron fires, the neuron is recharging |
| depolarization | the process when the neuron is firing |
| Reflex arc | an automatic rapid response to stimulus |
| Endocrine system | the body's slow cejhmical communication system; the set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodsteam |
| Adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands; secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress |
| Pituitary gland | the endocrine systems most influential gland; regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands; master gland |
| Oxytocin | enables contractions associated with birthing, milk flow, and orgasms |
| Feedback system | Brain- Pituary gland- other glands- hormones- body and brain |
| Pineal gland | releases melatonin |
| thyroid gland | controls metabolism |
| gonadss | sex glands |
| leptin | regulates hunger |
| melatonin | regulates sleep wake cycles |
| ghrealin | stimulates hunger |
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