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Weathering and soil

L 1-3

TermDefinition
uniformitarianism The geological principle that the same geological processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface.
eriosion The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered of rock and soil.
weathering A chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
mechanical weathering The type of weathering where rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
chemical weathering The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.
abrasion The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in ice, water, or wind.
frost wedging Process that splits rocks, when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
oxidation A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes forming rust.
permeable Character of material that contains connected air space, or pores, that water can seep through easily.
soil The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow.
bedrock Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also solid rock layer beneath the soil.
humus Dark-colored organic material in soil.
fertility A measure of how well soil supports plant growth
loam Rich fertile soil that is made up of about equal parts of clay, sand and silt.
pH scale A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
soil horizon A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
topsoil The crumbly topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other minerals and humus.
subsoil The layer of soil below that has less plant and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other minerals.
decomposer An organism that gets energy by breaking down wastes and organisms and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
natural resource Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use.
soil conservation
crop rotation
contour plowing
conservation plowing
Created by: atrudeau006
 

 



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