The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface.

The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.

The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.

mechanical weathering

The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.

Processes that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.

A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.

Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily

The loose, weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow.

Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.

Dark-Colored organic material in soil.

A measure of how well soil supports plant growth.

Rich, fertile soil that is made up of equal parts clay, sand, and silt.

A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen in a solution.

A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.

The crumble, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter.)

The layer of soil below the topsoil that has less plant and and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other materials.

An organism that gets energy from breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.

Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use

the management of soil to limit its destruction.

The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility.

Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.

Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground.

The process that breaks down rock through chemical processes.

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Weathering and Soil

Lessons 1-3

Question	Answer
uniformitarianism	The geologic principle that the same geologic processes that operate today operated in the past to change Earth's surface.
erosion	The process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity moves weathered particles of rock and soil.
weathering	The chemical and physical processes that break down rock and other substances.
mechanical weathering	The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
abrasion	The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind.
frost wedging	Processes that splits rock when water seeps into cracks, then freezes and expands.
oxidation	A chemical change in which a substance combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust.
permeable	Characteristic of a material that contains connected air spaces, or pores, that water can seep through easily
soil	The loose, weathered material on earths surface in which plants can grow.
bedrock	Rock that makes up Earth's crust; also the solid rock layer beneath the soil.
humus	Dark-Colored organic material in soil.
fertility	A measure of how well soil supports plant growth.
loam	Rich, fertile soil that is made up of equal parts clay, sand, and silt.
pH scale	A range of values used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; expresses the concentration of hydrogen in a solution.
soil horizon	A layer of soil that differs in color and texture from the layers above or below it.
topsoil	The crumble, topmost layer of soil made up of clay and other materials and humus (nutrients and decaying plant and animal matter.)
subsoil	The layer of soil below the topsoil that has less plant and and animal matter than topsoil and contains mostly clay and other materials.
decomposer	An organism that gets energy from breaking down wastes and dead organisms, and returns raw materials to the soil and water.
natural resource	Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use
soil conservation	the management of soil to limit its destruction.
crop rotation	The planting of different crops in a field each year to maintain the soil's fertility.
contour plowing	Plowing fields along the curves of a slope to prevent soil loss.
conservation plowing	Soil conservation method in which weeds and dead stalks from the previous year's crop are plowed into the ground.
Chemical Weathering	The process that breaks down rock through chemical processes.

Created by: mchatham003

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