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RE ch. 8-9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| large blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all parts of the body, except for the pulmonary arteries, which carry oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs | arteries |
| material used to wrap or cover a part of the body; commonly used to fold a dressing or splint in place | bandage |
| total amount of blood circulating within the body | blood volume |
| tiny blood vessels linking arteries and veins; they transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the blood to all body cells and remove waste products; oozy, dark red blood | capillaries |
| the process by which blood thickens at a wound site to seal an opening in a blood vessel and stop bleeding | clotting |
| pressure applied on a wound to control bleeding | direct pressure |
| a pad placed directly over a wound to absorb blood and other body fluids and to prevent infection | dressing |
| bleeding on the outside of the body, open blood vessel through tear in skin; often, visible bleeding | external bleeding |
| bleeding inside the body that is often difficult to recognize; signs and symptoms include restlessness, cold, clammy skin, weak, rapid pulse, rapid bleeding, a drop in blood pressure, excessive thirst, altered level of consciousness | internal bleeding |
| a bandage applied snugly to create pressure on a wound to aid in controlling bleeding | pressure bandage |
| profuse bleeding from a wound that is a potential threat to life; critically reduces BV, tissues die from lack of oxygen, external or internal | severe, life-threatening bleeding |
| a wide band placed tightly enough around an arm or a leg to constrict blood vessels in order to stop blood flow to a wound | tourniquet |
| blood vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood from all parts of the body to the heart, except for the pulmonary veins, which carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart from the lungs along with waster products to kidneys, liver, intestines, and lungs | veins |
| a loss of a large amount of blood in a short time or when there is continuous bleeding; uncontrolled bleeding | hemorrhage |
| severity of bleeding is measured by | how fast blood is flowing, size of vessel and vein or artery, flowing freely or into body cavity, victim's age, weight, and physical condition |
| Blood's three major functions are | transporting oxygen, nutrients and wastes, protecting against disease by producing antibodies and defending against pathogens, and maintaining body temperature by circulating throughout the body |
| liquid part of blood that makes up half the total blood volume; maintains BV needed for normal function of circulatory system; contains nutrients for energy production, growth and cell maintenance | plasma |
| disk-shaped structures in the blood that are made of cell fragments; help stop bleeding by forming blood clots at wound sites (tendency to bind together) | platelets |
| Blood in the arteries closer the pumping action of the heart flows ____ and under _____ pressure than blood in the capillaries or veins. | faster, greater |
| When severe bleeding occurs, the ____ signals the ___ to circulate more blood and to constrict blood vessels in the extremities. It also signals the ____ to work harder, providing more oxygen. | brain, heart, lungs |
| When bleeding occurs, excess fluid is reabsorbed into the bloodstream as plasma to help | maintain the critical balance of fluids |
| rapid and severe external bleeding from an artery, highest risk to be LV, under more pressure and spurts, difficulty clotting, harder to stop bright red color | arterial bleeding |
| external bleeding from veins that is under less pressure and flows steadily from wound (closer to skin's surface), severe bleeding in deeper veins (trunk or thigh), dark red or maroon color | venous bleeding |
| most common type of external bleeding, slower because vessels are small and blood is under low pressure, oozing from wound, easy clotting | capillary bleeding |
| Control bleeding (1): determine ____, place,___ , and maintain _____. | cause and source of bleeding, victim in good position, open airway |
| CB (2): Taking infection-control precautions: Use ___ (ex latex gloves), avoid _____, wash ____, and wash ____ | barrier, touching mouth, nose, eyes, food, hands and fingernails, infected items |
| CB (3): Applying direct pressure and elevation: place ____ over wound, ____, ___, ____, check ____, add more if needed, ____ around protrusions | sterile dressing, compression, elevate, ice/cold pack, bandages, compression |
| CB (4): when using a pressure bandage, | check for distal pulse, mottled skin, and white nails |
| CB (5): Use indirect pressure only if ______ on pressure point, brachial artery, or femoral artery. Do not ____ an air splint. | direct pressure is not effective, overinflate |
| CB (6): Using a tourniquet is a last resort if ____ | a large artery is severed, a limb is severed, there is severe, life-threatening bleeding, a physical location makes it impossible to apply DP, multiple people with LT injuries, or the scene becomes unsafe |
| CB (7): use a blood pressure cuff with ____ mm of Hg pressure for up to ___ minutes | 150, 30 |
| List steps for caring minor open wounds: | put on disposable latex-free gloves, apply direct pressure with gauze pad, wash area with soap and warm water, rinse under warm water (5 min), apply small amount of antibiotic ointment, cover area with gauze pad and bandage, wash hands after giving care |
| Steps for caring for major open wounds | Call 9-1-1 or DE# immediately, wear PPE gear, cover wound with sterile gauze pad, apply direct pressure, place another dressing over soaked first dressing, apply additional DP, repeat until bleeding stops |
| When the bleeding stops, check the skin on the side of the injury farthest away from the heart (hand or foot) for | feeling, warmth, and color |
| Remember to ______ after giving care, even if you wore gloves. | wash your hands with soap and water |
| a dressing treated with a substance that speeds clot formation; used when severe, LT bleeding exists and standard first aid procedures fail or are impractical | hemostatic dressing |
| injury caused by impact with a flat object or surface; a common cause of internal bleeding (falls, being struck by a vehicle or a piece of heavy equipment, a blunt object, or thrown into a blunt object | blunt trauma |
| trauma that occurs when the body is pierced by (knife or bullet) or impaled on a sharp object (branch or piece of metal) | penetrating trauma |
| Internal bleeding is apparent when the area of the body where blood is collecting is ____, ____ or _____, and there may be ____ over the area. | tender, swollen, rigid, bruising |
| If a person is showing signs and symptoms of internal bleeding, | call 9-1-1 or the DE#, monitor ABCDs, check for fractures, and give first aid care for shock until help arrives |
| a LTC that occurs when the circulatory system fails to provide adequate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body | shock |
| an abnormal heart rhythm resulting in a vary rapid heartbeat. People with this condition often feel palpitations in their chest or their heart racing | supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) |
| causes of shock | heart doesn't pump enough blood to supply oxygen to organs and tissues, fluid loss, heart fails to pump |
| common causes of shock include | severe bleeding, severe allergic reactions or after any serious injury or illness |
| Three conditions are necessary to maintain adequate blood flow to perfuse all the body cells, tissues, and organs | the heart must be working well, the blood vessels must be intact and able to adjust blood flow, and an adequate amount of blood must be circulating in the body. |
| The amount of blood circulating to the less important tissues of the arms, legs and skin is ____ so that more blood reaches the vital organs, causing the skin of the person in shock to appear ____ and feel ___. | reduced, pale or ashen (grayish), cool |
| results from failure of heart to pump enough oxygenated blood; slow heart rate --> blood cells can't meet body's demand or rapid beating --> oxygenated blood not sent throughout body as it should be | cardiogenic shock |
| results from abnormal dilation of blood vessels; vessels not completely filled with blood, less oxygen delivered to body | distributive shock |
| abnormal dilation of blood vessels caused by spinal cord or brain trauma | neurogenic/vasogenic shock |
| abnormal dilation of blood vessels caused by anaphylaxis | anaphylactic shock |
| abnormal dilation of blood vessels caused by infection | septic shock |
| results from severe bleeding or loss of fluid from body | hypovolemic shock |
| Signs and Symptoms of shock | apprehension, anxiety, restlessness or irritability, alerted level of consciousness, nausea or vomiting, pale, ashen or grayish, cool, moist skin, rapid breathing, rapid, weak heartbeat, excessive thirst |
| signs and symptoms in compensatory stage | increased pulse, cold, clammy skin, grayish skin, weakness |
| signs and symptoms in progressive stage | cyanotic skin, profuse sweating, thirst, nausea/vomiting, altered consciousness |
| signs and symptoms in irreversible stage | dull, lusterless eyes, dilated pupils, shallow and irregular breathing, loss of consciousness |
| preventing shock | make sure victim is breathing adequately, control bleeding, loosen clothing, splint and immobilize fractures, relieve pain as able, supine with feet up , keep victim warm, do not give person food or drink, open airway |
Created by:
alumesi