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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the treaty of tortellessies? | a line demarkating the settling of the new world; west of it would go to the spanish, east of it to the portuguese |
| what was a crucial statement in the treaty of tortellesessies that continued to effect colonial policy for centuries? | that they were not to fight or overtake a christian prince who had settled there. the reason ethiopia was independent, reason gb.fr were able to get land etc. |
| how did portugal move around the treaty of tortelesais? | the started with the corner of brazil and because it was densely packed with the amazon rainforest they were able to continue settling land wout consequence. |
| why did the treaty of tortellesais work? | because it was bt two christian countries and signed by the pope with consequence of excommunication, v v serious during the period. |
| what are three reasons that latin america is relevant to us policy? | high in natural resources and the free trade agreement mean econ ally, us culture has become ´latinized' via migration, social revolutions.movements in la have strong influence on american thought historically, esp like haiti. |
| what was the big stick policy? | roosevelkt foreign policy of intimidation, speak softly and carry a big stick, basically use millitary to make people fear the implication |
| what was the consistant struggle in latin america since colonization? | political and economic independence from colonial and neocolonial powers. |
| list the four paradoxes of latin america | young and old, tumultuous and stable, independant and dependant, prosperous and ppoor. |
| young and old | new hierarchy because of colonial rule is relatively young, but in historical context latin america was one of the first pllaces under colonial rule to reach political indpenednce/nationhood. |
| tumultuous and stable | political violence and other cultural clashes consistent but social and economic structures remain persistant and traditional or table. e |
| prosperous and poir | natural resource wealth but depdnency and other causes mean huge wealth gaps (largly cause imperialism), ¨begger atop gold¨ |
| independent and depended | national independence reached in 1800s but econ dependence on western nations mean little actyal choice |
| modernization theoru | econ growth leads to social change which allows for more ´evolved´ politics, characterized by rural to urban migration and devo of of middle class |
| how did la disprove modernization theory | class conciousnessness sided with the wealth and failed to uplift workers, becuase econ growth made distribiution more unequal rather than helpung everyone |
| theories for why modernization failed | 1) roman catholic basis/ eurocentric worldview whne constructingtheorum 2)economic dependence on euros |
| why was the economic dpeencdence on europe so bad for la? | because it generated social inequalities with no motivation for the rich to reinvest in the country and further no diversification meaning the economies were very at risk and dependent on things outside nations control |
| dependencia theory | econ dependency causes aythoritarianism |
| why does econ dependency cause authoritarianism | 1/ foreifn based ability to treat problems 2/ political strategy falls behind need to suit foreign investers. |
| biggest contradiction in curency of la | power th egreatest commodoity but a little effect |
| relationship bt authoritarianism and econ growth accordding to dependencia theory | regimes emerged not inspite fo devo but becayse of it |
| what were the new theoryes coming out of a shift towards civilian leaders in la? | 1/ acceptence of us values 2/ leadership in upper class 3/ emergence of ´civil society´ |
| four reasons for spanish success in colonication | navigation, steel vs stone, white gods, guns vs bows, disease, civil war, resentment bt tribes |
| effects of endemic disease | pop decline/death to moral loss and weakened social structures to famine to regrowth throw mestosos |
| why were indegenous peoples so effected by disease | didnt have cows/pigs and the like so didnt have immunity to zoonotic diseases. also weakened by explotation and phcyso effect |
| what was considered to be the start of american slavery? | when colombus landed and the guy described arawaks as peaceful and ¨fit to be conquered¨, |
| difference bt american slavery and past slavery | idea that slavery is inherint and hereditary based on ethnicity vs just being a state of libing. |
| characteristics of mayan cultire | southern mexico, smart, hella art and calenders and stuff, independent city states. |
| why did mayan society collapse | left the city states bc of war., created smal communities in the forest |
| characteristics of aztec cylture | central valley of mexico, constant state of war w neighbors, prominent millitary and city buildiing skills |
| societal structure of aztecs? | slaves at bottom heriditary nobility at top. econ owned communally, didnt take over neighbors used them for constant state of war and sacraficec |
| characteristics of incas | lived in the andes from peru to south chile, defeated groups to be incorperated and trnsfered to loyal followers. incredible road system, no wheel cause mountains, good irrrigatinon etc. |
| 3 rreasons for incrase in eurpean colonizaliism | nav skills wnet way up aswellas weaponry. strong econ base and resource base, backing from leaders through religious zeal. |
| how did spain conquer aztecs? (cortesO) | used neighbors who hated them and got provided with troops. |
| how did pizzaro conque incasi | used civil war to its advantage |
| how did disease lead to the meztisos? | lack of spanish women and lack of indigenous men meant intermixig and a lot of rape of indigeonous women. resulted in mixed blood children |
| spanish poli system in americas. | beurocracy to prevent colonists from rising up, council of indies, structure meant everyone could go to someone else, and everyone had access to some level of veurocract. |
| 3 constant values in christian roman | 1/ divine law, will of god 2/ natural law via gods will 3/ human law mans flawed attemot at recreating gods will. goal of poli in spain to elevared rge less fallable to power, |
| mercantilism | eocn actibity shiuld raise prestige of state based on specile, exports should be more than imports. |
| spain econ in america | mining economy, for gold and silver, indigenous slaves at first |
| brazil econ | plantation labour and use of african slaves |
| how did the catholic soveirgns cause thedownfall of spain | tried to unfit and start up spanish industry but religious intolerence fo the jewish lead to a loss of the merchant class that could not be overcome. also weakedn autonymy. |
| how did the spanish inquistition effect spains devo | stoped it bc heresy charges towards jewish conversos destroyed the merchant an dbanking class |
| deficit spending | keynesian theory of spending money from the future to stimulate edcon, maek jobs and help grotwh |
| issue with defecit spending | raises natl debt |
| laissez faire | hands free, no govt involvement, low taxes and trarrifs. |
| what bailed the us econ out of the depression | war |
| stagflation | reagan era term, high unemployment and high inflation =badbadbad |
| adam smith | founder of cpaitalism + modern econ thoeyr. belived in self interest laissez fair, against the invisible hand, created idea of natural resources, capital resources and labor resources. |
| dutys of man according to adam smitth ? (3_) | 1) duty to protect from violence, millitary etc 2) duty to protect from opppresion (justice system) 3) duty of maintaining pub;lic stuff, infurstructure devo and education and stufff. |
| marxist econ theoyr on capitalismi | hated materialism and poited out the constant struggle between class as a flaw of capitalism not of human nature. upper classs vs working class, not like fuedal times bc no respect bt classes. overall capitalism is ecplotation |
| carneige? | reallly rcih guy from carnege steel, beleaved that wealth gap while great is still better than the old days, theres no relationship bt employees andthe boss, the rich should be trustees of the poor,. |
| machievelli on merciful or cruel | should try for both but be cruel if needed. better to be feared than to be loved |
| why machiavelli think fear over loeve>? | bc love is based on loyalty which is purchased, fear is based on self interest and is owned by the rpince |
| machiavelli view on humanity | people are bad by nature so its okay to be bad too/ in resoibse |
| who created end justifies the means¨ | machiavelli |
| what is machiavellis new perspective on power | realpolitik or realism, things happen in the real world were people are bad/things are wrong. idea that policys are realistic or not |
| what dies machievellu deem necessary for aprince making immoral descisions | need a fall guy so you cna have plausible deniability |
| who does the prince serve | national interest nit cicillian niterest. |
| how deos machievelli justify his book th er prince? | says that its opperating under ideals of human nature |
| how did el cid differ from the catholic soverigns in the realm of religion | el cid allowed for different practices of religion with an ordered tilthe, but the soverigns ferdinand and issabella decided that it was a crime +forced assimilation |
| how were the spanish viewed by other european nations? | seen as rude, unartistic, illiterate, and ¨peasants who wont work until compelled bye xtreme need¨ |
| what were the social conditions during the age of colonization in spain? | had just come out of the holy wars with the muslims, lots of both religious zeal and fighters. |
| when did defensive spending become a part of american policy? | initially with fdr to come out of the depression through things like the tva and the ccc. became solidified in law through the employment act. |
| who was the lead inquistador of the aztecs? | cortes |
| who was the lead conquistador of the incas.? | pizzaro. |
| what was the economic situation like for south america during the 90s. | a period of growth and transformation because of international creditors and investment. had liberalized economies and followed us doctrine. |
| how did disease disrupt social structures in indegenous cultures | killed off lots of people, there was no one to take care of each other, killed off rulers and well loved kings which threw the poli system, killed off indigenous men leading to the mezticos. |
| econ transformations cause social change which then lead to political consequence. | |
| what does a shifting social class alliance cause | shift in patterns in in political conflict |
| dialectical materialism | marxist theory that historical events are caused by social conflict driven by material consumption |
| how many indigenous people lived in the americas pre colonial | bt 90-112 mil, 30mil in central mexico and central peru respectivley |
| what was an important technology developed by the mayan>? | calendars |
| what was an importnat technology developed by the incas? | complex road and irrigation systems |
| what was an important technology developed by the aztecs | built a city on a swamp through building root systems |
| three sisters | beans squash and corn, collective farming vv important |
| what was the milpa system? | system of intercropping that grows diff crops together to help with nutrients |
Created by:
cautionarytale