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final
terror
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which three vaccines are emphasized for bioterrorism preparedness? | Smallpox (vaccinia), Anthrax, and Ebola. Non-medical: Like three “emergency fire extinguishers” kept on hand in case of rare but severe threats. |
| How is the smallpox vaccine administered? | ACAM2000/APSV are given by scarification with a bifurcated needle (multiple punctures into the skin); JYNNEOS is given subcutaneously or intradermally. Non-medical: Like stamping a ticket (scarification) vs. giving a tiny ink mark with a pen (subcutaneous |
| How is the anthrax vaccine administered? | Intramuscular injections at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 18 months, then annual boosters. Non-medical: Like renewing a season pass at fixed intervals to keep protection active. |
| How is the Ebola vaccine administered? | A single intramuscular 1 mL dose for adults at occupational risk. Non-medical: Like issuing a one-time access badge to workers in a hazard zone. |
| What role do vaccines play in a bioterrorism event? | They are only one part of the response; must be combined with surveillance, contact tracing, isolation/quarantine, lab testing, communication, and decontamination. Non-medical: Like winning a game—you need more than just a star player; the whole team must |
| How would the smallpox vaccine be used after exposure in a bioterrorism event? | Post-exposure vaccination can reduce symptoms and prevent disease if given quickly. Non-medical: Like locking your doors just after a burglar sneaks in—you may still stop most of the damage. |
| How would anthrax vaccine be used after exposure? | Three-dose regimen at 0, 2, and 4 weeks combined with antibiotics. Non-medical: Like using both sprinklers and extinguishers to fight a fire together. |
| What’s the difference between ACAM2000, APSV, and JYNNEOS for smallpox? | ACAM2000 and APSV are live, replicating vaccinia vaccines (APSV under EUA); JYNNEOS is live but non-replicating and safer. Non-medical: Like two strong but risky guard dogs (replicating) versus a trained guard robot (non-replicating, safer). |
| What is the planned public health vaccination strategy in a smallpox bioterrorism event? | Ring vaccination: vaccinate contacts and contacts-of-contacts of cases, not the entire population. Non-medical: Like building a fence only around a campfire instead of the entire forest. |
| How are RSV vaccines used in adults? | RSV vaccines (e.g., Arexvy, Abrysvo) are given as a single intramuscular dose to adults ≥60 years, often through shared decision-making, and in pregnant women (Abrysvo at 32–36 weeks) to protect newborns. Non-medical: Like installing a baby gate before th |
| How are RSV preventive antibodies used in infants? | Nirsevimab (long-acting monoclonal antibody) is given to infants to provide passive protection during RSV season. Non-medical: Like giving a child a raincoat since they can’t hold their own umbrella yet. |
| What is the main concern with syncope after vaccination? | Fainting (syncope) can lead to falls and injuries, especially in adolescents and young adults. Non-medical: Like tripping after getting dizzy on a rollercoaster—you need guardrails to prevent injury. |
| How is syncope managed after vaccination? | Have the patient sit or lie down for vaccination and observe for at least 15 minutes afterward. Non-medical: Like making someone sit after spinning in a chair so they don’t topple over. |
| What is VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System)? | A U.S. surveillance system where healthcare providers, vaccine manufacturers, and the public can report possible adverse events after vaccination. Non-medical: Like a public comment box where anyone can submit feedback about product safety. |
| What are advantages of VAERS? | It can detect rare or unexpected vaccine side effects, is nationwide, and is open to all reporters. Non-medical: Like an early warning radar that picks up strange signals quickly. |
| What are limitations of VAERS? | Reports are unverified, subject to bias, and cannot prove causation; data may be incomplete or inconsistent. Non-medical: Like an online review system—you hear about problems, but not every review is reliable or tells the full story. |
| What is the general storage temperature for most vaccines? | Most vaccines are stored in the refrigerator at 2–8 °C (36–46 °F). Non-medical: Like keeping milk in the fridge so it doesn’t spoil. |
| Which vaccines must be stored frozen? | Varicella, MMRV (ProQuad), and some formulations of MMR must be stored in the freezer at –50 to –15 °C (–58 to +5 °F). Non-medical: Like ice cream—must stay in the freezer or it melts and is ruined. |
| How should frozen vaccines be handled before reconstitution? | Keep frozen until use; reconstitute immediately before administration. Non-medical: Like frozen pizza—don’t thaw it overnight; cook it right after taking it out. |
| What happens if frozen vaccines are stored in the refrigerator instead? | They lose potency and should not be used. Non-medical: Like leaving ice cream in the fridge—turns into a soupy mess that can’t be refrozen properly. |
| Where is cholera found and how is it transmitted? | Cholera is transmitted through contaminated food and water in endemic areas, with highest risk in places lacking clean water and sanitation. Non-medical: Like a town well that everyone uses but gets polluted, spreading illness quickly. |
| Where is yellow fever found? | Yellow fever occurs in sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South America; risk is highest in West Africa. Non-medical: Like a wildfire that only burns in certain forests where the trees are dense and dry. |
| Where does Japanese encephalitis occur? | Japanese encephalitis is found across Asia and parts of Australia, especially in rural farming areas where rice paddies and pigs attract mosquitoes. Non-medical: Like a mosquito hotspot forming near ponds after heavy rain. |
| Where is typhoid fever most common? | Typhoid fever risk is highest in South Asia and Africa due to contaminated food and water; still a major cause of illness worldwide. Non-medical: Like food at a picnic left out in the sun that makes many people sick. |
| Where is chikungunya virus endemic? | Chikungunya is endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics, spread by Aedes mosquitoes in both rural and urban areas. Non-medical: Like a daytime pest that thrives in both city apartments and countryside fields. |
| Where does tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) occur? | TBE is endemic in western and northern Europe, and extends through northern and eastern Asia, especially forested areas with Ixodes ticks. Non-medical: Like a hidden forest hazard—like poison ivy—that hikers stumble into if unprotected. |
Created by:
eskay264