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MMET Lecture 6

QuestionAnswer
What are grains? After solidification, crystals form at various locations within the material being solidified. Grains are formed from a crystaliline structure.
What does each grain consist of? Single crystal for pure material, polycrystalline aggregate for alloys, & grain boundaries: Important influence on the strength & ductility of metals
List cooling rates from slow to fast: Furnace cooling, air quench, forced air quench, oil/water quench, water quench, brine quench.
Salt water is _ dense than water. More
What does brine & water quench produce? Martensite
What does oil/water quench produce? Bainite
What does forced air quench produce? Very fine pearlite
What does air quench produce? Fine pearlite
What does furnace cooling produce? Coarse lamellar pearlite
Oil floats on _. Top
Ask yourself this question: How fast can you go from above the AC_3 to 0 degrees F? How deep can you get the quench?
What is tempering? Relaxes the metal, undos hardness/brittleness from other processes, reheating steel to increase its toughness
Tip on tempering effects on quench-hardened steel: Hard -> strong, ductile -> impact
As tempering temperature rises..? Tensile strength decreases, impact strength increases, ductility increases, & hardness decreases. (The opposite occurs when the temp decreases)
What is spherodizing? Allows carbon to come together
What is heat treatment? Used to change the mechanical properties of the material.
The effects of heat treatment depends on? Composition & microstructure of material being heat treated, degree of prior cold working, & rates of cooling & heating during heat treatment
What are the methods of heat treatment? Annealing, normalizing, quenching, & tempering
What is Annealing? Cool at controlled rate, used for the resotration of a cold-worked/heat-treated alloy to its original properties.
What is normalizing? cool at room temperature, heating then air-cooling the material
What is quenching? high cooling rate, heating then rapidly cooling material
What are the steps of the Annealing process? 1. Heating the workpiece to a specific range of temperature in a furnace 2. Holding is at that temperature for a period of time 3. Cooling in air/in a furnace (slowly)
Annealing benefits? Increase ductility, reduce hardness & strength, modify microstructure, relieve residual stress, improve machinability
Normalizing benefits? Higher strength & hardness, lower ductility than full annealing
Quenching benefits? Much higher strength & hardness, lower ductility than annealing & normalizing
tempering benefits? Reduce brittleness & residual stresses, increase ductility & toughness
Created by: Texi Rae
 

 



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