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Populism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Q: What political problems existed in the U.S. during the late 19th century? | A: Both Republican and Democratic parties were corrupt, controlled by political machines, gave jobs to supporters, and ignored ordinary people’s needs |
| Q: What was voter turnout like in the late 1800s? | A: Extremely high — 82% of eligible voters turned out in the 1876 election |
| Q: What is Populism? | A: A political approach appealing to ordinary people who feel ignored by elites |
| Q: What was the Compromise of 1877? | A: Hayes became president in exchange for ending Reconstruction in the South |
| Q: Why did farmers struggle with freight and storage? | A: Rates for hauling and storing crops were rising rapidly |
| Q: What did Munn v. Illinois (1877) decide? | A: States could regulate private industries (like railroads/banks) to help farmers |
| Q: What is overproduction? | A: Producing more crops than needed, lowering prices and hurting farmers |
| Q: What is a protective tariff? | A: A tax on imports to make them more expensive and protect domestic industries |
| Q: What is bimetallism? | A: Using both silver and gold as currency to increase money supply and stabilize prices |
| Q: What is the gold standard? | A: Currency value is tied only to gold; U.S. adopted it by 1900 |
| Q: What did Wabash v. Illinois (1886) decide? | : States could not regulate interstate commerce; businesses could set high rates |
| Q: How did corporate farms and railroads hurt small farmers? | A: They dominated markets, influenced laws, and drove small farmers into debt |
| Q: What happened to farm product values between 1865–1893? | A: They fell by 50% |
| Q: When did Populism arrive in Louisiana? | A: 1891 |
| Q: Who did the LA Populist Party represent? | A: Farmers, sharecroppers, and rural laborers |
| Q: What did they support? | A: Bimetallism, pro-labor reforms, and changes to Louisiana’s political system dominated by Bourbon Democrats |
| Q: Who were Bourbon Democrats? | A: Conservative Democrats who resisted change after the Civil War, supported corrupt practices, opposed equality, and reduced spending on education/infrastructure |
| Q: What was the Louisiana Lottery Company? | A: A corrupt corporation making millions off the state while giving only small payments back; known as the “Golden Octopus” |
| Q: What was the Convict Lease System? | A: Leasing prisoners (mostly Black) to private businesses for labor under brutal and deadly conditions |
| Q: Why did Louisianians support Populism? | A: Poor white and Black farmers wanted recognition, fair treatment, and protection from corrupt government/business |
| Q: What was Hardy L. Brian’s role? | A: He was a Populist leader in Louisiana and published newspapers supporting farmers’ causes |
| Q: Why did the Populist Party in Louisiana decline? | A: The 1898 Constitution disenfranchised voters with literacy tests and gerrymandering. Voter rolls dropped by 70% |
| Q: What groups organized farmers before the Populist Party? | A: The Grange (1867) and Farmers Alliance (1880s) |
| Q: What financial reforms did farmers want? | A: Bimetallism, more federal money, and a graduated income tax |
| Q: What did farmers want regarding railroads? | A: Government ownership/regulation and fair freight rates. The Interstate Commerce Act (1887) addressed monopolies |
| Q: What did farmers want regarding public lands? | A: To reserve them for settlers, not corporations |
| Q: What did farmers want regarding elections? | A: Direct election of president, vice president, and senators. The 17th Amendment (1913) later allowed direct election of senators |
| Q: Who was William Jennings Bryan? | A: A Democratic leader supported by Populists, famous for the “Cross of Gold” speech, supporting free silver, direct election of senators, and income tax reform. He lost the 1896 election to William McKinley |
| Q: How did the cartoon reflect Populist ideas of “equal rights to all”? | A: It highlighted unfair advantages for wealthy elites and corporations while ordinary farmers and workers were left out. The cartoon pushed the Populist message that government should protect the rights of common people, not just the rich and powerful |
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