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CH 1 Vocab
Scientific Method
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | any material that has mass and occupies space, 64 |
| atom | the basic unit of matter; the smallest unit that maintains the chemical properties of an element, 64 |
| element | a chemical substance with a unique set of properties that cannot be broken down into substances with other properties, 64 |
| nucleus | the central core of an atom; consists of protons and neutrons, 65 |
| molecule | a combination of two or more atoms, 66 |
| compound | a substance combining atoms of two or more different elements, 66 |
| hydrocarbon | an organic compound combining hydrogen and carbon, 66 |
| solution | a mixture in which all the ingredients are evenly distributed, 67 |
| macromolecule | a large organic molecule; includes proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, 67 |
| protein | an organic compound made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur, 67 |
| nucleic acid | the macromolecule that carries hereditary information; includes DNA and RNA, 68 |
| carbohydrate | an organic compound that consists of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, 68 |
| lipid | chemically diverse compound that does not dissolve in water, 69 |
| pH | a measure of the acidity or alkalinity (basicity) of a solution, 71 |
| feedback loop | a circular process that describes how an event is both a cause and an effect in the same system; can be a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop, 73 |
| erosion | the removal of soil by water, wind, ice, or gravity, 74 |
| geosphere | all of the rock at and below Earth's surface, 74 |
| lithosphere | sphere of Earth made up of the hard rock on and just below Earth's surface; the outermost layer of both Earth and its geosphere, 74 |
| biosphere | the Earth and all of its organisms and environments, 74, 102 |
| atmosphere | the thin layer of gases that surrounds Earth, 74, 452 |
| hydrosphere | all of the water-salt water and fresh water, in the form of liquid,ice, or vapor-above and below Earth's surface and in the atmosphere, 74 |