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SOILS Soil Taxonomy

Exam 1

QuestionAnswer
Taxonomic scheme? Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, Series, Phase
What is the most common method of naming? Series
What are the 12 soil orders from youngest to oldest? Entisols, Andisols, Histols, Gelisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols, Vertisols, Alfisols, Mollisols, Ultisols, Spodisols, Oxisols
Entisols characteristics? Little if any profile development, rock is close to surface
Entisols are found? Around the U.S., Alluviation occurred (floodplain), Sandy areas, most in the rockyMts.
If you see “ent” at the end of the name, what is the order? Entisol
Andisols characteristics? Volcanic ash Soils, form on recently (geologically) deposited material, little profile development, productive wheat soils in NW. US.
Andisols are found? in NW US, Washington, Ohio
If you see “and” at the end of the name, what is the order? Andisols
Histisols characteristics? Organic Soils, soils w/greater than 20% SOM, form in wet areas, marsh, bogs, swamp, very productive, drained
Histisols are located? Florida, US Coast, Canada
If you see “ist” at the end of the name, what is the order? Histisols and is nearly always in a wetland (except fibrists)
Gelisols characteristics? Young soil, little profile development, permafrost layer, cryoturbation present
Gelisols are found? Artic Circle, Chile
If you see “el”at the end of the name, what is the order? Gelisols
Inceptisols characteristics? Has begun profile development, begun to develop diagnostic horizons, clay accumulation, SOM accumulation, Not far from to PM
Inceptisols are located? Spread through U.S., many in northeast and Alaska
If you see “cept” at the end of the name, what is the order? Ineptisols
Aridisols characteristics? Dry soils, lack moisture most of the year, CaCO3, gypsum, sodium accumulate
Aridisols are located? Semi-arid, arid, some in Oklahoma panhandle
If you see “id” at the end of the name, what is the order? Aridisols
Vertisols characteristics? Dark swelling clays, moving soils, high clay content, develop large cracks when dry, give engineers problems, can be productive agric soils
Vertisols locations? Warm, dry period, subhumid, semiarid, India, Australia
If you see “vert” at the end of the name, what is the order? Vertisols
Mollisols characteristics? Dark prairie soils, important agricultural soils, high native fertility, considered the best soils
Mollisols are located in? Midwest, Great Plains, E. Washington & Oregon, N. Illinois, much of W and SW OK
If you see “oll” at the end of the name, what is the order? Mollisols
Alfisols characteristics? lighter colored than mollisols, shallow soils, Can be productive soils, Moist climate, slightly acidic, erosion can be a concern
Alfisols are located? Decidous Eastern Forest Soils, OH, IN, MI WI, PA, NY, MO
If you see “alf” at the end of the name, what is the order? Alfisols
Ultisols characteristics? Forested, subtropics soils, more mature than Alfisols, acidic, low available plant nutrients, can be productive, need good management
Ultisols are located? subtropic locations
If you see “ult” at the end of the name, what is the order? Ultisols
Spodisols characteristics? Wet soils, sandy/acid PM coniferous (Pine), large accumulation of SOM, Wet or cold climates, accumulation of OM & Al and Fe oxides in subsurface, spodic horizon is under white E horizon and looks like an A horizon
Spodisols are located? forested areas like Maine, Wisconsin, Michigan, or the Florida everglades
If you see “od” at the end of the name, what is the order? Spodisols
Oxisols characteristics? Tropical Soils, most mature soils, highly weathered, deep soils (high moisture, time of weathering), high clay, & Fe, A. oxide formation, most basic cations removed
Oxisols locations? rain forest, tropical savanna, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Africa, South America
If you see “ox” at the end of the name, what is the order? Oxisols
What are the 3 Soil Orders in Oklahoma? Mollisols(W. OK), Ultisols (E. OK) and Alfisols (S. OK)
Created by: 58702460
 

 



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