Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharm Week 2 - JN
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Low Dose-Effect Curve – | Measuring the response to the dose of the drug |
| Potency – | The amount of drug required to produce an effect. |
| Efficacy | – related to the maximal effect of a drug regardless of dose |
| Therapeutic action/effect | – the intended or desired results |
| Therapeutic range – | range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the dose causing the minimum adverse effect. |
| Therapeutic index (TI) | – number that determines the safety of a drug. (the greater the TI, the safer the drug) |
| Efficacy – | is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug |
| Renal– Kidney | kidney |
| hepatic | liver |
| Biotransformation | – is the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys. |
| Tolerance – | the need for an increasingly larger dose of the drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose |
| Duration– | is the length of a drug’s effect |
| Half-Life – | the half-life of a drug is the amount of time that passes for its concentration to fall to half (50%) of its original blood level. |
| Median effect dose (ED50) – | is the dose required to produce a desired clinical effect in 50% of test subjects. A low effective dose is preferred because it means less drug is needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. |
| Lethal Dose (LD50) – | is the amount of a substance that causes death in 50% of a test population. A lower LD means the substance is more toxic |
| Intravenous: | Drug directly enters the systemic circulation |
| intramuscular: | Drug is injected into muscles because of the high volume of blood flow in those areas |
| Subcutaneous: | Drug is injected under the skin but not into the muscles |
| Cell Membranes | are composed of Lipids (fats), Proteins, and Carbohydrates. |
| Lipids- | Make the membrane relatively impermeable to ions and polar molecules |
| Proteins | – Help move the molecules across the membrane |
| carbohydrates – | are combined with either proteins or lipids |
| pKa = | acid dissociation constant of drugs |
| Phase I reactions: | require very little energy. Lipid soluble molecules go through this phase. They are metabolized by three processes: 1) Oxidation, 2) reduction and 3) hydrolysis |
| Phase II reactions: | Involves conjugation, most common conjugation is with glucuronic acid termed glucuronidation. This mechanism allows the body to convert a lipid-soluble drug to a more polar compound with the use of enzymes called transferases. |
| Additional Excretion Routes | Extrarenal routes: • Lungs • Bile • Gastrointestinal tract • Saliva • Gingival crevicular fluid • Sweat • Mammary Glands (Breast Milk) • Breath |
| Half-life: | The time it takes for body to eliminate half of drug present in the body |
| FACTORS THAT ALTER DRUG EFFECTS | Patient adherence Psychological factors Tolerance Pathologic state Time of administration Route of administration Sex Genetic Variation Drug interactions Age and weight Environment |
Created by:
JNguyenDH