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Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is meant by ecological validity | A more realistic response in the real world |
| What is meant by demand characteristics | Any change in behaviour due to the subject knowing the aim of the experiment or behaving in a way they assume the observer would prefer |
| What is the characteristics of a field experiment | The environment is the participant natural setting The participants don’t know they are in an experiment due to the familiarity |
| What is a control group | It’s a group where researchers might want to see whether the DV changes without changing the IV |
| What are the characteristics of a lab experiment | Artificial environment Highly controllled Participants know they are in an experiment Essential to reduce extraneous variables that could change the DV |
| Identify the 4 sampling techniques | 1. Random - participants are chosen out of a hat for example 2. Opportunity - participants are chosen because they are available 3.self - selected - participants volunteer eg apply online to a study advertised 4. Snowball- one after another |
| What is meant by a two - tailed hypotheses | Does not predict the direction of the results . Just stated there will be an effect |
| What is meant by one tailed hypotheses | Predicts the direction of the results |
| What are the characteristics of science | Quantifiable measurement Cause and effect Manipulation of variables Falsification Hypothesis testing Control and standardisation Replication Objectivity |
| Define representativeness | The extent to which a sample mirrors a researchers target population and reflects its characteristics |
| What is meant by the term null hypothesis | Predicting the DV is not affected by the IV |
| What is stratified sampling | A method where the sample reflects the proportion of the sub groups in the population |
| Define generalisability | The extent to which findings from ont situation of sample will apply to other situation or people |
| What is independent measures design | Where different set of individuals are used for each condition Each participant does the task once |
| What is repeated measures design | Where the same group of participants take part in all conditions of an experiment |
| Identify the order effects | Fatigue : participants get tired / bored leading to lower scores in the 2nd condition Practice : participants get better at task leading to better scores |
| What is meant by counterbalancing | Where participants are divided into conditions evenly . They complete the condition and then switch . This helps us get evened results and reduce order effects |
| Identify the 3 pros of IMD | 1. No order effects 2. Reduced demand characteristics Reduce of individual difference through random allocation |
| Identify the cons of IMD | 1. Need more participants 2. Participant variables can effect the results |
Created by:
Kay7477