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axial skeleton
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amphicoelous | actinopterygii, chondricthyes. concave anterior and posterior |
| procoelous | squamata, crocodilia. concave anterior convex posterior |
| opisthocoelous | mammalia except whales. convex anterior, concave posterior |
| heterocoelous | aves, sadle shaped |
| acoelous | Cetacea whales, flat on both sides |
| how to tell frog | Undifferentiated thoracolumbar vertebrae, no differentiation between regions. Sacral vertebrae are fused into the urostyle. Fusion in axial |
| how to tell snake | Almost all of the vertebral column is thoracic, almost all have ribs. No sacral. Procoelous centrum shape. |
| how to tell turtles | Sacral vertebrae are attached to the shell, thoracic and lumbar are fused to the shell. Ribs are part of a shell. Unlike all other tetrapods ribs outside pectoral girdle and pelvic girdle |
| how to tell bird | Lots of cervical vertebrae so they can change head position. Many of there thoracic vertebrae are fused together. Most of caudal fused into ptygostle. Bird has fused together clavicles/wish bone. |
Created by:
Red1579