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AP BIO QUIZ 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell theory (3 parts) | 1) all organisms made from 1+ cells 2) cells are the units of structure and function in organisms 3) all cells come from other cells |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - nucleus | Prokaryotic (no nucleus) v Eukaryotic (nucleus) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - membrane and DNA | Prokaryotic (no membrane around DNA - DNA in cytoplasm) Eukaryotic (membrane around DNA) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - # of cells | Prokaryotic (unicellular) vs. Eukaryotic (unicellular & multicellular) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - membrane bound organelles/membrane enclosed organelles | Prokaryotic (no) vs. Eukaryotic (yes) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - cell size | Prokaryotic (smaller) vs. Eukaryotic (larger) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - DNA/chromosomes | Prokaryotic (1 main circular chromosome) vs. Eukaryotic (several and many linear chromosomes) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - cell reproduction | Prokaryotic (cell division through binary fission/simple division) vs. Eukaryotic (cell division through mitosis/meiosis, types of nuclear division - more complicated) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - complexity | Prokaryotic (more simple) vs. Eukaryotic (more complex & have subunits) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - evolution | Prokaryotic (evolved first) vs. Eukaryotic (evolved second) |
| Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell - types of organisms | Prokaryotic (bacteria & archaebacteria) vs. Eukaryotic (protists, fungi, plants and animals) |
| cell membrane | controls what enters/leaves cell, separates cell from environment, protects, communicates with other cells |
| cell wall | protects, keeps shape, structural support |
| centriole | organize and prepare cell for cell division |
| chloroplast | carry out photosynthesis in plants |
| cilia | help with cell movement and sensing surroundings |
| cytoplasm | suspends organelles, provides cell structure, place for metabolic processes (reactions) to happen |
| cytoskeleton | gives cell structure and organization |
| flagellum | gives cell motility (able to make itself move) |
| Golgi Body | modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport inside/outside of cell |
| large central vacuole | helps plant cells maintain shape (bc maintains pressure inside cell); stores water, nutrients, and wastes |
| lysosome | digests (breaks down) waste, destroys outside invaders, recycles materials, can be involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) |
| mitrochondrion | converts glucose into ATP (usable energy) in the process of cellular respiration |
| nucleus | houses/contains DNA (genetic code) and controls everything in cell |
| ribosome | site of protein synthesis |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | ribosomes on it, processes & packages proteins to be sent to Golgi |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | makes, processes, packages lipids |
| vesicle | transports things within cell and into/out of cell |
| 5 parts that are found in ALL cells | - cell membrane - cytoplasm - cytoskeleton - DNA - ribosomes |
| 3 parts found in plant cells (NOT animals) | - cell wall - chloroplasts - large, central vacuole |
| cells have high or low ratio of surface area to volume? | HIGH - aids diffusion |
| large body size = __ ratio of surface area to volume | LOW (keep heat inside their body) |
| ears (flat and wide) = __ ratio of surface area to volume | HIGH ratio (helps get rid of heat) |
| body (flat and wide) = __ ratio of surface area to volume | HIGH ratio (helps exchange nutrients with environment) |
| small intestine in mammals w/many folds = ___ ratio of surface area to volume | HIGH (absorbs nutrients) |
| 4 cell membrane structures | 1) phospholipids - main component 2) proteins - embedded in membrane 3) carbohydrate chains - attached to lipids and proteins 4) sterols / cholesterol (animals) & phytosterols (plants) |
| phospholipids structure | heads = 1 glycerol & phosphate tails = 2 fatty acids modified triglyceride |
| phospholipids are ___ meaning they have ___ head and __ tail | amphipathic, hydrophilic, hydrophobic |
| phospholipids diagram! | know how to draw diagram! and one is hydrophilic and the other hydrophobic! |
| phospholipids arrange themselves into 2 layers of phospholipids, called... | lipid bilayer |
| where are the heads and tails located in a lipid bilayer? | heads facing inside and outside of the cell ("bread") - b/w cytoplasm and surrounding cell tails are in the middle 2 layers - protected from water ("filling") look at the diagram on notes |
| channel proteins | provides space for certain substances to move through membrane |
| carrier proteins | help move certain substances through the membrane |
| cell recognition proteins (glycoproteins) | have carbs attached to them; identify and distinguish b/w diff types of cells |
| receptor proteins | only certain molecule can bind or attach to receptor proteins based on shape; causes response inside cell |
| enzymatic proteins | enzymes that are embedded in the cell membrane (in addition to other enzymes that are just in the cytoplasm or inside cell organelle) |
| junction proteins | forms connections b/w cells |
| can proteins can move around within the phospholipids sometimes? | yes |
| what can carbohydrates chains be attached to? | Can be attached to proteins (called glycoprotein) or lipids (called glycolipid) |
| what can carbohydrates chains be involved in? (4 parts) | - Making cell unique (FYI ex: blood type, tissue matching) - adhesion (sticking together) - cell to cell recognition (cells detecting what other types of cells are) - Recognition of presence of certain chemicals |
| sterols/steroids | type of lipid (diff from fats) |
| sterols/steroids in animal cells | Cholesterol |
| sterols/steroids in plant cells | phytosterol |
| function of sterols/steroids | - physically stabilize the phospholipid bilayer - help cell membrane deal with temperature changes - results in membrane having right level of flexibility (not too fluid and not too solid) |
| look at sterol diagram/picture | ok |
| fluid mosaic model | Describes the cell membrane as a mosaic (all these different pieces together) that is fluid (flexible) |
| understand how to label fluid mosaic model | ok - a protein - a carb - a phospholipid - a sterol |
Created by:
studying11