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Urinary System

TermDefinition
Urinary System 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
Micturition Urination.
Retroperitoneal Space The space that holds the kidneys, close to the spine, and Caudal to the liver.
Renal Hilus An indentation in the medial side of the kidney where blood vessels enter and the ureter exits the kidney.
Capsule The outside connective tissue layer of the kidney.
Cortex The 1st inside region of the kidney, the outer layer just beneath the capsule composed of small threads of capillaries (glomeruli).
Medulla The inner core, contains many microscopic Tubules arranged parallel, making it striped.
Renal Pelvis A funnel shaped space into which the Tubules of the medulla empty urine the empties into the ureter. (The roots part)
Calyce The cow's renal pelvis.
Kidney Stones Calculi, Form in the renal pelvis, and block urine outflow which causes hydronephrosis.
Renal Columns The wedges in the kidneys, made of cortical tissue that fill with fluid and empty into the pelvis.
Renal Artery The artery that branches off of the aorta and supplies the kidneys.
Interlobular Artery Arteries that branch off the renal artery inside the kidney that run between the wedges.
Nephron The functional unit of the kidney that forms urine, consists of the Glomerulus, the Bowmans Capsule, Renal Tubules and renal blood vessels.
Collecting Tubule The end portions of the Nephron where urine is emptied.
Glomerulus A ball(tuft) of capillaries supplied w/ blood by the afferent arteriole., that filters blood and creates urine.
Efferent Arteriole The artery that carries blood from the Glomerulus to the Peritubular Capillaries.
Bowmans Capsule Thin layer of renal epithelial cells surrounding the Glomerulus.
Kidneys The site of the primary urinary system. It produces urine that balances the level of substances in the body.
Homeostasis Balance of the internal environment.
Glomerular Filtrate The liquid result of Glomerular Filtration that collects in the Bowmans Capsule.
The 2 Processes that Modify Filtrate 1. Reabsorption, and 2. Secretion
The 2 Mechanisms for Transporting Substances Across the Tubule Wall 1. Active transport, and 2. Passive transport
Urea A waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of proteins.
Creatinine A waste product of the Metabolism.
GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate, and approximation of renal blood flow and the ability of the kidneys to filter blood.
The Order that Substances Encounter in the Nephron/Kidney 1. Proximal Concoluted Tubule 2. Descending Loop of Henle 3. Ascending Loop of Henle 4. Distal Colvulted Tubule 5. Distal Tubule & Collecting Ducts
ADH Antidiuretic Hormone, or Vasopressin, a hormone secreted by the posterior gland that makes the Distal Tubule & Collecting Ducts more permeable to water when needed.
Aldosterone A hormone produced by the Adrenal gland that increases sodium reabsorption and promotes potassium excretion in the kidneys, making concentrated urine and prevents water loss.
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus A structure in the renal cortex of the kidneys that helps control blood pressure.
Juxtaglomeruler Cells Cells in the kidney's afferent arteriole that secrete renin.
Renin A vital enzyme produced by the kidney that regulates blood pressure.
Aldosterone A hormone produced by the Edrenal Glands in the kidneys that increases the reabsorption of sodium.
Erythropoietin A hormone produced by the kidneys when kidney cells sense tissue hypoxia(oxygen deficiency).
Ureters Muscular tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
The 3 Layers of the Ureters 1. Fibrous Connective tissue layer 2. Circular Muscle layer 3.Transitional Epithelium layer
Peristalsis Contractions in the Ureters that push urine down to the bladder.
Apex/Vertex of the Bladder The Cranial end of the bladder.
Neck of the Bladder The lower, muscular part of the bladder that connects it to the urethra. 
Urethra A muscular tube that carries urine from the bladder to the external urethral orfice that's mainly composed of squamous epithelial cells.
Sigmoid Flexure An S-shaped twist in cows and pigs urethra.
The 2 Phases of Micturition 1. Storage Phase 2. Voiding Phase
Transitional Cells The cells that line the inner mucosal layer of the bladder.
Created by: martiew
 

 



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