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Chap 14 Sci
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Potential Energy | Is the energy that is stored due to the interaction between objects. |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy due to motion |
| The kinetic theory is | An explanation of how the particles in gases behave. |
| Kinetic Theory 1 | All matter is composed of tiny particles (atoms, molecules and ions). |
| Kinetic Theory 2 | These particles are in constant, random motion. |
| Kinetic Theory 3 | The particles collide with each other and with the walls of any container in which they are held. |
| Kinetic Theory 4 | The amount of energy that the particles lose from these collisions is negligible. |
| The particles that make up a substance in the gas state are | In constant motion |
| Gases do not | Have a fixed volume or shape |
| The particles that make up a gas | Spread out so that they fill whatever container they are in. |
| The particles of a substance in the liquid state are also | Constantly moving |
| The particles that make up a substance have less kinetic energy when in its in | Liquid State |
| Unlike a gas or a liquid, a solid has a | Definite shape and volume |
| Thermal energy is | The total energy of a materials particles. |
| Temperature is a term used to explain how | Hot or cold an object is |
| Temperature represents the | Average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. |
| The melting point is | The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| The heat of fusion is | The energy required to change a substance from solid to liquid at its melting point. |
| Freezing is when | A liquids temperature is lowered, the average kinetic energy of the molecules decreases. |
| When enough energy has been removed, the molecules | Become fixed into position |
| The freezing point is | The temperature at which a liquid turn into a solid. |
| Vaporization is | When particles move fast enough to escape the attractive forces of other particles, they enter the gas state. |
| Vaporization can occur in two ways | Evaporation and boiling. |
| Condensation is | The opposite when a gas becomes a liquid |
| Evaporation | occurs at the surface of a liquid and can happen at nearly any temperature. |
| Boiling occurs | Through out a liquid at a specific temperature |
| The boiling point of a liquid is the | Temperature at which the pressure of the vapor in the liquid is equal to the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid. |
| Heat of vaporization is | The amount of energy required for the liquid at its boiling point to become a gas. |
| Sublimation | At certain pressures, some substances can change directly from solids into gases without going through the liquid phase |
| Where the temperature does not change | At the melting point and at the boiling point |
| Plasma State is | Matter that has enough energy to overcome not just the attractive forces between its particles but also the attractive forces within its atoms |
| Most of the ordinary matter in the universe is | In the plasma state |
| Thermal Expansion is | An increase in the size of a substance when the temperature is increased. |
| Substances also contract when | They cool |
| Water is unusual, normally substances when they cool will contract but | Water expands |
| Matter is | Anything that takes up space and has mass |
| Mass is | A measurement of the quantity of matter in an object |
| The mass and volume of an object can be used to find | The density of the material of which the object is made |
| Density is | The mass per unit volume of a material |
| Buoyancy is | The ability of a fluid-a liquid or a gas-to exert an upward force on an object immersed in it. |
| Archimedes principle | The buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. |
| Weight and gravity plays a role in | Buoyancy |
| An object floats if | Its density is less than that of the fluid |
| Pascal’s Principle | That pressure applied to a fluid transmitted throughout the fluid |
| Pressure is | Force exerted per unit area |
| Pressure in= | Pressure out |
| Bernoulli’s Principle | That fluid velocity increases when the flow of the fluid is restricted |
| As velocity of a fluid increases | The pressure exerted by the fluid decreases |
| Viscosity is | The resistance of a fluid to flowing |
| Water flows easily so it has | A low viscosity |
| Cold syrup pours slowly so it has | A high viscosity |
| Boyles Law | If you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temperature constant, the pressure from the gas will increase |
| Boyles Law | An increase in the volume of the container causes the pressure to drop. If the temperature remains constant |
| Charles Law | the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, as long as the pressure on the gas does not change |
| Charles Law | The volume of a gas shrinks with decreasing temperature. |
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leii