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Unit 1 World History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Naturalism | New direction in art called "truth to nature" |
| Nationalism | Pride in nationality |
| Vernacular | Commonly spoken language |
| Patron | Someone who provides financial support |
| Renaissance | A time of new inventions and ideas; rebirth |
| Lorenzo de Medici | Grandson of Cosmo Medici and known as "The Magnificent" for his learning and support of artists |
| Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who came up with the printing press |
| Albrecht Dürer | The "German Leonardo"; known for his skills in art |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Known as "The Renaissance Man" ; famous for being an artist, scientist, inventor, and keen observer |
| Michelangelo | Famous painter, sculptor, architect, and poet |
| Humanism | An intellectual movement |
| Petrarch | One of the earliest human writers; an Italian historian, poet, and philospher |
| Satire | Humorously critcal observations |
| Erasmus | A Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic preist, social critic, teacher, and theologician |
| Niccolò Machiavelli | A humanist writer |
| Indulgences | Special pardons from the archbishops; paid to the church |
| Protestants | Reformers who protested against the Roman Catholic Church |
| Liturgy | A form of worship |
| Martin Luther | A German Monk whos ideas and writing led to reformation |
| John Calvin | A very powerful church leader who's ideas opposed Zwingli's |
| Henry Vlll | A king and devout Catholic who opposed Luther; yet, he still broke away from the Catholic Church |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Reformer and preacher |
| Catherine of Aragon | King Henry Vlll's first wife; divorced |
| Anne Boleyn | King Henry Vlll's second wife; beheaded |
| Jane Seymour | King Henry Vlll's third wife; died |
| Anne of Cleves | King Henry Vlll's fourth wife; divorced |
| Catherine Howard | King Henry Vlll's fifth wife; beheaded |
| Catherine Parr | King Henry Vlll's sixth wife; outlived him |
| Charles l/V | King who was crowned at 16 and became the "Holy Roman Emperor |
| Phillip ll | Charles l/V's son and king of Spain |
| Piety | Devotion to the church |
| Canonize | To be recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church |
| Ignatius of Loyola | Catholic reformer who set his life aside as a Spanish noble to live as a beggar |
| Who took control of the government in Florence after the plague? | The Medici family |
| Who was the northern artist who was the first to apply Italian innovations to his own work | Albrecht Dürer |
| Type of writing that Erasmus was known for | Satire |
| Goals of humanist education | To spread the idea of humanism and knowledge about history, literature, and philosophy |
| Why did the king of England break away from the Roman Catholic Church | King Henry Vll wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon |
| What did Martin Luther, John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Desiderius Erasmus have in common | They were all critics of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Why were the Anabaptist persecuted | They rejected infant baptism |
| Which faith did the Habsburg family try to impose on Europe | Catholicism |
| What was the goal of the inquistion | To spread Catholicism |
| Who did the Edict of Nantes give limited rights to | Protestants |
| What contributed to Martin Luther's success | The printing press |
| Who designed a dome for the catherdral in Florence | Fillippo Bruenelleschi |
| What did Johannes Gutenberg contribute during the time of the Renaissance | He invented the printing press |
| What did Martin Luther criticize in his 95 theses | The sale of indulgences (pardons for sins) and the Pope for granting them |