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Speech Disorders
Communication Disorders for SPED 326
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| speech disorder | difficulty in producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech (154) |
| language disorder | difficulty receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas and information (154) |
| receptive language disorder | characterized by difficulty receiving or understanding information (154) |
| expressive language disorder | characterized by difficulty formulating ideas and information (155) |
| cleft palate or lip | a condition in which a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or the upper lip (155) |
| dialect | a language variation that a group of individuals uses and that reflects shared regional, social, or cultural/ethnic factors (155) |
| speech | the oral expression of language (156) |
| language | a structured, shared, rule-governed, symbolic system for communicating (157) |
| phonology | the use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words (157) |
| phonemes | the rules and sequencing of individual speech sounds (157) |
| morphology | the system that governs the structure of words (157) |
| morpheme | the smallest meaningful unit of speech (157) |
| syntax | provides rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences (157) |
| semantics | the meaning of what is expressed (157) |
| pragmatics | the use of communication in contexts (157) |
| social interaction theories | emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions (158) |
| articulation | a speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds (159) |
| articulation disorders | occur when a child cannot correctly produce the various sounds and sound combinations of speech (159) |
| omissions | occur when a child leaves a phoneme out of a word (159) |
| additions | when students place a vowel between two consonants, converting "tree" into "tahree" (159) |
| substitutions | common among children examples: /d/ for the voiced /th/ or /t/ for /k/ (159) |
| distortions | modifications of the production of a phoneme in a word (159) |
| apraxia | a motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech (160) |
| pitch | the rate of vibration in the vocal folds. pitch is affected by the tension and size of the vocal folds, the health of the larynx, and the location of the larynx (160) |
| duration | the length of time any speech sound requires (160) |
| intensity | (loudness or softness) and is based on the perception of the listener and is determined by the air pressure coming from the lungs though the vocal folds (160) |
| resonance | the perceived quality of someone's voice (160) |
| hypernasality | air cannot pass through the nose and comes through the mouth instead (160) |
| fluency | rate and rhythm of speaking (161) |
| specific language impairment | not related to any physical or intellectual disability (161) |
| pragmatics | focuses on the social use of language- the communication between a speaker and a listener within a shared social enviornment (162) |
| organic disorders | caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person (162) |
| functional disorders | those with no identifiable organic or neurological cause (162) |
| congenital disorder | a disorder that occurs at or before birth (162) |
| acquired disorder | a disorder that occurs well after birth (162) |
| oral motor exam | the examination of the appearance, strength, and range of motion of the lips, tongue, palate, teeth, and jaw (164) |
| bilingual | uses two languages equally well (164) |
| bidialectal | uses two variations of a language (164) |
| System of Augmenting Language (SAL) | focuses on augmented input of language as an instructional strategy (172) |
Created by:
kmhanson
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