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Biology

Topic 1 (Cells and Microscopy)

QuestionAnswer
State the two types of Cell. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
What is the difference between Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic? Eukaryotic contains a Nucleus, Prokaryotic doesn't.
List the 5 components of both plant and animal cells. Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Ribosomes, Mitochondria
How is genetic information stored in a eukaryotic cell? Within the Nucleus, arranged in chromosomes.
What is the function of the Nucleus? Controls cellular activities
Describe the structure of the Cytoplasm. Fluid and contains organelles and enzymes
What is the function of the Cytoplasm? Site of cellular reactions
What is the function of the cell membrane? Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria? Site of later stages of aerobic respiration
Which organelles are only found in plant cells? Cell wall, vacuole and chloroplasts
What is the function of the cell wall? Provides strength, prevents cell from bursting when water enters by osmosis
What does the vacuole contain? Cell sap (Salts, sugars and organic acids)
What is the function of the vacuole? Supports the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts? Where photosynthesis takes place
Why are chloroplasts green? Because of the chlorophyll
List the 6 organelles found in prokaryotic cells. Chromosomal DNA, Plasmid DNA, Cell wall, Cell membrane, Ribosomes and Flagella
How is genetic information stored in prokaryotic cells? Found free within the cytoplasm as Chromosomal DNA and Plasmid DNA
What are plasmids? Small circular loops of DNA that carry genes that provide genetic advantages
What is a flagellum? Long, rotating protrusion that enables bacteria to move
What's a haploid cell? A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome
What's a diploid cell? A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome.
Describe sexual reproduction in terms of chromosome number. Two haploid gametes fuse, resulting embryo has two chromosomes for each gene and two copies of each allele
Describe how egg cells are adapted for their function. Haploid nucleus, cytoplasm contains nutrients & cell membrane hardens after fertilisation
Describe how sperm cells are adapted for their function. Haploid nucleus, tail, lots of mitochondria and digestive enzymes in acrosome.
Where are ciliated epithelial cells found? Lining the surface of structures such as respiratory tract and uterus
Describe the function of ciliated epithelial cells lining the airways Move in synced waves to push mucus to the back of the throat
Give 4 advantages of light microscopes. Cheap, easy, portable and show living and dead organisms
What is a disadvantage of a light microscope. Limited resolution
Created by: user-1956972
 

 



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