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Global Perspectives
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cultural borders: | Nations can be defined in terms of language, religion, ethnicity or a common historical experience. |
| Economic borders | borders the describe the markets that promote the exchange of goods across the world. Effects how services and money exchange, can make it more difficult or expensive. (such as tariff) goods and resources r not distributed evenly around the world |
| Geographic borders: | Bodies of water, different elevations, dense forestation, affect how and where humans settle and interact with eachother. |
| Global citizens | people aware of the wider world, willing to make the world a more equitable and sustainable place. |
| Globalization: | Generally the term is used to describe the political, economic, social, and cultural flows across the international system. (Trade, financial relationship, or communication) |
| Golden Straitjacket: | Term used by Friedman, the tighter/stricter you wear it, the more gold it produces. Countries should give up some control to allow businesses to make their own decisions, so implement less rules, less taxes, and cut government spending. |
| Gross domestic product (GDP): | The value of all goods and services produced within a country |
| Gross national product (GNP) | the value of all the goods and services produces by a country's citizens, regardless of where they are living. (Value of all goods and services produced outside of America, If Toyota is a Japanese car company, and they have a car factory in Germany, then |
| Hyperglobalization | Extreme levels of interconnectedness and integration among countries and economies on a global scale. |
| Political borders: | Recognizable lines and borders on a map (different countries/regions) Governments control these boundaries. |
| Social borders: | "Social Classes" Goods and resources are distributed unevenly throughout the globe and as a result of the uneven distribution it produces a divide (of social classes) of who can and who cannot get resources. |
| Sociology: | People in the global south are less economically viable than those in the global north. Understanding these divides and hardships they impose is the study of sociology. |
| Carrying Capacity: | The maximum population size an environment can sustainably support indefinitely. |
| Desertification: | The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture. |
| Food insecurity | The state of not having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. |
| Global Commons: | Areas and resources that do not belong to any one nation, and are available to all, such as the high seas, atmosphere, and Antartica. |
| Greenhouse Effect: | The process by which gases in earths atmosphere trap hear, causing the temp to rise. |
| Human geography | Concerned with how human activity affects or is influenced by the earths surface. (How humans shape or are shaped by their surroundings) (migration or urbanization) |
| Malthusian Dilemma: | The theory that population growth will outpace the agricultural production of the earths surface. (population growth will outpace food supply and lead to famine.) |
| Physical Geography: | The branch of geography focused on the study of natural features and processes of the earths surface |
| Sustainable Development: | Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. |
| Topography: | The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area, often including its elevation and shape. |
| Cartography: | The art and science of drawing maps. |
| Artificial Intelligence (AI) | Helped military offense/defense, helped budget the global GDP and saved 13 trillion, is also being used to help reduce conflict in Yemen. |
| Big Data: | The increasing amounts and variety of data available to analyze many different subject areas. Challenge is maintaining personal privacy. |
| Cloud Computing: | Provides extensive storage of information, places this task on a system of web-based content through remote services or multiple different devices, laptops, ipads, phones, etc. |
| Cyberwarfare: | The unlawful disruption of online systems, (WikiLeaks revealing tightly secretive information about the government or high political figures to the general public) |
| Digital Age: | The development of technology in the twenty first century |
| Digital Divide: | Only 59.6% are on the internet, even though it seems we are all connected through the internet, separates those that have it from those who don’t. |
| Digitization | The conversion of information to computer ready format |
| Industrial Revolution | Transformation from a human and animal based labor economy to one based on machines |
| Short Message Service (SMS): | Revolutionized information sharing and receiving, allows phone users to text up to 160 characters to one another. Apps have played a great role in moving this (shopping, banking, photos, etc) |
| User-Generated Content (UGC): | Social media published by an individual (Videos on Youtube, Pictures on Instagram, Video on Tik Tok, Tweet on Twitter.) Impacts cultural borders, can preserve cultural practices, develop language, blending of cultures. |
| Security doesn’t have one definition | - Its contextual (Nuclear war is different than being robbed at night, your type of fear depends on the type of thing your often scare of.) - Its perceptual ( some people might think its dangerous, others might be unbothered) |
| IMPERIAL SYSTEMS: | Domination of a single power. A political organization in which one government is dominant over most of the world with which it has contact. Imperialism is when a country extends its power and control over other lands or people, usually by: Taking con |
| FEUDAL SYSTEMS: | Loyalties based on allegiance to landowners. A political organization in which loyalty and political obligations take precedence over political boundaries. land was exchanged for loyalty and service. King – Gave land to nobles (lords) in return for loyalt |
| ANARCHIC SYSTEM | Political units operating in an environment with no higher central authority. An organization of political units that are relatively cohesive but with no higher government above them. (The city states of Greece) |
| Westphalian Accords of 1648 | (helped create the modern system of independent countries.) - States are now the center of European order -Relying on the concept of sovereignty -Nationalism -Balance of powers -Ended the thirty years war |
| Colonialism | an extension of state system and pursuit of power -Pursuit of trade and markets -Access to raw materials to keep economic system going -Political control |
| Balance of Power: | Balance of power is when countries work to keep each other’s strength equal to prevent any one from becoming too powerful. (Forming alliances, little guys group together to out strengthen the big guy) |
| Bipolar: | A type of interstate system where two states hold the most significant power. (The U.S. and the soviet union being dominant and fighting each other through small conflicts (capitalism vs communism).) |
| Containment | To preserve a global balance of power, the U.S. came up with a defensive strategy to limit soviet efforts of extending their influence. |
| Détente: | a period when countries, especially rivals, try to reduce tension and improve their relationship through talks and agreements instead of fighting. |
| Idealism: | Idealism is the belief that people and countries should act based on their values and ideals, like peace, justice, and fairness, rather than just focusing on power or self-interest. Idealism is the belief that the world can be a better place if people a |
| Liberalism | the belief that people and countries should work together peacefully, respect individual freedoms, and use cooperation and laws to solve problems. War is not the answer. Liberalism is a political and social idea that focuses on freedom, individual rights |
| Nationalism | A commitment to and support of the nations interests, brought diverse people together for a common purpose but also created rifts between them |
| Political Science | The study of political behavior, introduced in the twentieth century |
| Realism | the idea that countries act mainly to protect their own power and interests, often focusing on safety and strength rather than ideals or morals. They look out for themselves first. |
| Sovereignty | the power of a country to rule itself and make its own decisions without outside interference. |
| MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) | United Nations, created 1945 Cold War idea that if two nuclear powers attack, both would be completely destroyed — so neither side dares to start a war.) - Blend of realism and idealism - Provide for lasting peace - Security Council: "Big Five" |
| Balfour Declaration: | A British plan that called for the eventual creation of national home in Palestine while still preserving the right of non-Jewish communities. |
| Camp David Accords: | A peace agreement between Egypt and Israel in 1978, brokered by the U.S. (President Carter). Egypt became the first Arab country to recognize Israel. |
| Al Jazeera | A major news network based in Qatar known for its coverage of Middle Eastern issues — often provides perspectives different from Western media. |
| Counterterrorism: | Actions taken to prevent or respond to terrorism — includes military, intelligence, law enforcement, and policy efforts. |
| -Deterrence | A strategy to prevent attacks by threatening serious retaliation. Used especially during the Cold War (e.g., nuclear deterrence). |
| -Intifada | Arabic for “uprising.” Refers to Palestinian rebellions against Israeli control — two major intifadas occurred (1987 and 2000). |
| Narcoterrorism: | The link between drug trafficking and terrorism — where drug profits are used to fund terrorist groups or where cartels use terror tactics. |
| -Oslo Accords | A set of 1990s agreements between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) aiming to achieve peace and self-rule for Palestinians. |
| -Road map for peace: | A U.S.-backed peace plan from 2003 that outlined steps toward a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine. |
| -Terrorism: | The use of violence to instill fear and achieve political goals — often targets civilians to draw attention or pressure governments. |
| USA PATRIOT act: | A U.S. law passed after 9/11 to expand surveillance and security powers to fight terrorism — controversial due to privacy concerns. |
| -Weapons of mass destruction: | Weapons that can kill large numbers of people, including nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. |
| non proliferation treaty | international agreement aimed at stopping the spread of nuclear weapons |
| Abraham Accords | The Abraham Accords are peace deals where Israel and certain Arab countries agreed to stop being enemies and start cooperating—diplomatically, economically, and even in areas like tourism and technology. |
Created by:
Hannah Q