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Earth System
unit 10
| Earth | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth system | all of the nonliving things, living things, and processes that make up the planet Earth, including the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere |
| geoshere | he mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| hydroshere | the portion of Earth that is water |
| cryosphere | one of Earth’s spheres where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground permafrost |
| atmosphere | one of Earth’s spheres where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground permafrost |
| biosphere | the part of Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth |
| engery budget | a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system |
| air pressure | the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | the uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| mesosphere | the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core, 2. the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increase |
| stratosphere | the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer |
| troposphere | the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases; the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist |
| ozone layer | he layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| green house effect | the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic energy of a substance’s atoms ( |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
| heat | he energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| Convection | the wise use of and preservation of natural resources |
| Wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Coriolis-Effect | the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s rotation |
| Global-Wind | the movement of air over Earth’s surface in patterms that are worldwide |
| Jet-Stream | the movement of air over short distances; occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features |
| Local-Wind | the movement of air over short distances; occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features |
| ocean-Currents | a movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern |
| Surface-Currents | a horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean’s surface |
| Deep-Currents | a streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface ( |
| Convection-Currents | any movement of matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical |
| Upwelling | the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient- rich water to the surface |
| conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
Created by:
Mya Murray