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earth systems
unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth System | The Earth system is the complex, dynamic network of interacting physical, chemical, biological, and human components that collectively make up the planet and regulate its processes. |
| Geosphere | The geosphere is the solid, rocky part of the Earth. |
| Hydrosphere | The hydrosphere is the total mass of all water found on, under, and over the surface of the Earth. |
| Cryosphere | The cryosphere is the part of Earth’s system where water is in solid form. |
| Atmosphere | The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding a planet. |
| Biosphere | The biosphere is the global sum of all ecosystems, representing the zone of life on Earth where organisms interact with the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. |
| Energy Budget | An energy budget is the balance of energy intake versus energy expenditure within a system, organism, or environment. |
| Air Pressure | Air pressure is the force exerted by the weight of the air. |
| Thermosphere | The thermosphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere located above the mesosphere. |
| Mesosphere | The mesosphere is the layer of Earth's atmosphere located above the stratosphere. |
| Troposphere | The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where most weather phenomena occur and where temperature generally decreases with altitude. |
| Ozone Layer | The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. |
| Green House Effect | the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere. |
| Temerature | Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, reflecting how hot or cold the substance is. |
| Thermal Energy | Thermal energy is the total internal energy of a substance due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules, often experienced as heat. |
| Thermal Expansion | Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change in volume, area, or length in response to a change in temperature, typically expanding when heated and contracting when cooled. |
| Heat | Heat is the form of energy that is transferred between objects or systems due to a difference in temperature. |
| Radiation | Radiation is the emission or transmission of energy through space or a material medium in the form of waves or particles. |
| Convection | Convection is the process of heat transfer in a fluid (liquid or gas) through the movement of the fluid itself, typically caused by differences in temperature and density. |
| Stratosphere | The stratosphere is between the mesosphere and troposphere. |
| Wind | Wind is the movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure in the Earth's atmosphere. |
| Coriolis Effect | The Coriolis effect is apparent curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to earth's rotation. |
| Global Wind | Global winds are the major winds systems which are the easterlies, westerlies and the trade winds. |
| Jet Stream | A jet stream is a narrow, fast-moving ribbon of air in the upper levels of the atmosphere that flows from west to east, significantly influencing weather patterns and storm movement. |
| Local Wind | A local wind is a wind that occurs over a relatively small geographic area and is shaped primarily by local topographical features and temperature or pressure differences. |
| Ocean Current | Ocean currents are continuous, directed movements of seawater that flow through the world’s oceans, driven by various physical forces including wind, salinity differences, and temperature gradients. |
| Surface Current | Surface currents are the horizontal movement of ocean water that occurs at or near the ocean's surface, primarily driven by winds and influenced by factors such as Earth's rotation, coastlines, and temperature differences. |
| Upwelling | Upwelling is the oceanographic process where deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water rises to the surface, replacing the warmer surface water. |
| Convection Current | In the ocean, a convection current is a movement of water that results from density differences. |
| Deep Current | Movements of ocean water far below the surface are called deep currents. |
| Conduction | Conduction is the transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact. |
Created by:
jorge kahwati