is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary.

is the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth.

is the part of Earth that is liquid water

is made up of all of the frozen water on Earth.

atmosphere. This mixture is most often referred to as air.

is made up of living things and the areas of Earth

is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles

is the total kinetic energy of particles

substances on Earth expand when they become warmer and contract when they become cooler

is the energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.

is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic

is the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter

is the transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact.

The greater the differences in air pressure, the faster the air moves

This effect is most noticeable over long distances.

As shown at the right, the major global wind systems are the polar easterlies

are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow from west to east, between 7 km and 16 km above Earth’s surface

are the movement of air over short distances. They can blow from any direction, on the feature of the area

The deep water contains nutrients, such as iron and nitrate.

Rain, snow, and hail fall on the oceans and land because of gravity.

occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor.

About 10% of the water in the atmosphere comes from transportation

sublimation can happen when dry air blows over ice or snow,

is the change of state from a gas to a liquid

is any form of water that falls to Earth from clouds. Three common kinds of precipitation

is a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system.

s the measure of the force with which air molecules push on an area of a surface

is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere

is between the thermosphere and stratosphere.

is between the mesosphere and troposphere

is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

is an area in the stratosphere, 15 km to 40 km above Earth’s surface

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earth systems

unit 10

Term	Definition
earth system	is all of the matter, energy, and processes within Earth’s boundary.
geosphere	is the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth.
hrydrosphere	is the part of Earth that is liquid water
cryosphere	is made up of all of the frozen water on Earth.
atmosphere	atmosphere. This mixture is most often referred to as air.
biosphere	is made up of living things and the areas of Earth
Temperature	is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
Thermal energy	is the total kinetic energy of particles
thermal expansion	substances on Earth expand when they become warmer and contract when they become cooler
Heat	is the energy that is transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.
Radiation	is the transfer of energy as electromagnetic
Convection	is the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter
Conduction	is the transfer of energy from one object to another object through direct contact.
wind	The greater the differences in air pressure, the faster the air moves
Coriolis effect	This effect is most noticeable over long distances.
global winds.	As shown at the right, the major global wind systems are the polar easterlies
jet stream	are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow from west to east, between 7 km and 16 km above Earth’s surface
local winds	are the movement of air over short distances. They can blow from any direction, on the feature of the area
upwelling	The deep water contains nutrients, such as iron and nitrate.
water cycle	Rain, snow, and hail fall on the oceans and land because of gravity.
Evaporation	occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor.
transpiration	About 10% of the water in the atmosphere comes from transportation
sublimation	sublimation can happen when dry air blows over ice or snow,
condensation	is the change of state from a gas to a liquid
Precipitation	is any form of water that falls to Earth from clouds. Three common kinds of precipitation
energy budget	is a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system.
air pressure	s the measure of the force with which air molecules push on an area of a surface
thermosphere	is the uppermost layer of the atmosphere
mesosphere	is between the thermosphere and stratosphere.
stratosphere	is between the mesosphere and troposphere
troposphere	is the lowest layer of the atmosphere.
ozone layer	is an area in the stratosphere, 15 km to 40 km above Earth’s surface
greenhouse effect	is an area in the stratosphere, 15 km to 40 km above Earth’s surface

Created by: user-1979211

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