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Earth Systems
unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth System | all of the matter energy and processes within earth's boundary |
| geosphere | mostly solid rocky part of earth it extends from the center of earth to the surface of earth. |
| hydrosphere | it is the part of earth that is liquid water |
| cryosphere | made up of the frozen water on earth |
| atmosphere | mostly made of invisible gases that surround earth |
| biosphere | made up of living things and the areas of earth where they are found |
| energy budget | is the way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the earth system |
| air pressure | is the measure of the force with which air molecules push on an area of a surface |
| thermosphere | is the uppermost layer of the atomosphere |
| mesosphere | is between the thermosphere and stratosphere |
| stratosphere | is between the mesosphere and troposphere |
| troposphere | is the lowest layer of the atmosphere |
| ozone layer | The thickness of the ozone layer can change between seasons and different locations |
| greenhouse effect | Is the process by which gases in atmosphere such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb and give off infrared radiation |
| temperature | Measure of the average kinetic energy of particles |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of particles |
| thermal expansion | most substance on earth expand when they become |
| heat | energy that transferred between object that are different temperature |
| radiation | can transfer energy between object that are not in direct contact with each other |
| convection | the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| conduction | object to another object through direct contact |
| wind | air moves form areas of higher pressure and lower pressure |
| Coriolis effect | effect is most noticeable over a long distance |
| global wind | as shown at the right the major global wind |
| jet stream | are narrow belts of high-speed winds that blow from east to west |
| local wind | are the movement of air over short distance |
| ocean current | that occur at or near the surface of the ocean caused by wind |
| surface current | currents reach depths of about one hundred miles but some go deeper |
| deep current | are caused by differences in water density |
| convection current | movement of water that results from density differences |
| upwelling | The deep water contains nutrients such as iron and nitrate |
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