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Micro
Microbial Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Microbes use many different types of? | Metabolic |
| The metabolism of microbes? 3 of them | Metabolism, catabolism and Anabolism |
| Metabolism? | ALL CHEMICAL REACTIONS and physical workings of the cell |
| Catabolism? | BREAK the bonds of larger MOLECULES RELEASE ENERGY |
| Anabolism? (biosynthesis) | Synthesis of cell molecules and structures REQUIRES ENERGY input |
| Organic nutrients? | contains carbon and hydrogen atoms Usually the product of LIVING things |
| Inorganic nutrients? | Atom or simple molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen |
| (classification by energy sources) Phototroph? | microbes that PHOTOSYNTHESIZE (autotrophs) |
| (classification by energy sources) Chemotroph? | MICROBES that gain ENERGY from CHEMICAL compounds (heterotrophs) |
| Chemoheterotrophs? | Derive both carbon & energy from ORGANIC compounds Organic molecules PROCESSED through RESPIRATION or FERINTATION release energy in the form of ATP |
| Chemoheterotropic most bacteria fall into these categories? | Pseudomonads Lactobacillus E. coli Pathogenic Endospores |
| Pseudomonads? | decompose organic even pesticides (soap dish) |
| Lactobacillus? | Good bacteria making pickles, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut (dairy fermentation) |
| E. coli? | Produce vitamin K/ other compounds (blood clot and calcium in bones) |
| Pathogenic? | Disease causing some E. coli, botolinum |
| Endospores ? | Tetanus found in the soil |
| Chemoautotrophs? | Methanogens |
| Methanogens? | PRODUCE METHANE from hydrogen gas & carbon dioxide Formed in microenvironments SOIL, SWAMPS, MUD, OR INTESTINES OF SOME ANIMALS ARCHAEA some live in extreme habitats such as OCEAN VENTS, HOT SPRINGS (up to 400) |
| (Energy in cells) Exergonic? | Reaction catabolic Release Energy (form of heat) |
| (Energy in cells) Endergonic? | reaction anabolic Require the investment of energy to move forward |
| (Electron carriers) Catabolic pathways? | Electrons are extracted and carried through a series of Redox reactions to a final electron acceptor |
| (Electron carriers) Aerobic metabolism | Oxygen is the final electron acceptor |
| (Electron carriers) Anaerobic metabolism? | Some other inorganic or organic compound |
| (redox reactions) Oil rig? | Oil= Oxidation is lost Rig= Reduction is gained |
| (redox reactions) Oxidation? | loss of electrons A compound that loses electrons is oxidized |
| (redox reactions) Reduction? | gain of electrons A compound that gains electrons is reduced |
| Substrates? | Are the substances upon which an enzyme acts |
| Catalyst? | Speed up chemical reaction without being destroyed or changed Reduce activation energy reaction |
| Protein denaturation? | Enzyme is destroyed |
| (enzyme structure) conjugated enzymes? (holoenzymes) | Contain protein and some other non protein molecules |
| (enzyme structure) Apoenzyme? | Protein portion of the enzyme |
| (enzyme structure) Cofactor? | Non protein portion organic or inorganic metal ions |
| (enzyme structure) Coenzyme? | Organic cofactors |
| (vitamins and minerals) Cofactors? | Are directly involved in reaction may be structural and are usually minerals DNA polymerase requires Zen to build DNA |
| (vitamins and minerals) Coenzymes? | Carry things for enzymes and are usually vitamins derived from vitamin B3 NADH derived from vitamin B5 |
| (Enzyme modulators) Reversible modulators? | Increase substrate concentration competitive inhibitors Non competitive inhibitors |
| Inhibitor competitive? | Relenza synthetic drug designed to treat influenza virus Viron's infectious virus are released when the viral enzyme cleaves a docking protein Relenza competitively binds to enzyme preventing cleavage Consequently virans are not released preventing the |
| Inhibitors non competitive? | Inhibitor involves a molecule binding to another site other than active site Allosteric changes the shape of the active site |
| Exoenzymes? (outside) | Transported extracellular Breakdown large food molecules or harmful chemicals |
| Endoenzymes? | Retain intracellularly and function there Most enzymes are metabolic pathways |
| Roll of microbial enzymes and disease? | Pathogens to create unique exoenzymes that help them avoid host s or promote multiplication Consider virulence factors |
| Virulence Factors? | Exoenzymes digest epithelial tissue disrupt tissue and permit invasion Toxigenicity Is a microbes capacity to produce toxins at site of multiplication which affect cellular targets |
| Cofactors are? | usually minerals |
| Coenzymes are? | Usually vitamins |
| Sensitivity of enzymes? | Denaturation |
| Weak bonds that maintain the shape of an apoenzyme are broken by? | Heat low or high PH Certain chemicals |
| Factors affecting reaction rates? | Enzyme concentration & Substrate concentration Affinity Temperature and PH |
| What splits hydrogen and peroxide in water and oxygen? | Catalase |
| Three basic catabolic Pathways? | Aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration Fermentation |
| The most common pathway used to breakdown glycose? | Glycolysis |
| Summary of aerobic respiration? | ATP production 4 From Glycolysis 2 from the Krebs cycle 34 from the electron transport chain |
| All living cells use what? | ATP |
| Fermentation pathways? | Only use glycolysis Oxygen is not required use organic compounds as electron acceptors |
| Fermentation is? | Glycolysis |
| Alcoholic fermentation? | Yeast or bacterial species that have metabolic pathways for converting pyruvic acid to ethanol |
| (Lipid catabolism) Lipases? | Breaks apart fatty acids |
| (Protein catabolism ) Proteases? | Breaks down proteins to their amino acids |
Created by:
hw0993422