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Module 1
Definitions - Pharm 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Drug | chemicals that act on living systems at the molecular level |
| Pharmacology: | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| pharmokinetics | the study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. |
| Brand (trade) name: | the manufacturer’s name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol). |
| Generic name: | name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized (e.g., diazepam for Valium or Vazepam, acetaminophen for Tylenol). Generic drugs (without brand names) are less expensive than brand |
| Black Box Warning | is a warning placed on specific drugs, so everyone understand the serious safety concerns associated with the drug. BBW are typically about potentially fatal, life-threatening, or disabling adverse effects of the medication |
| Chemically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards |
| Biologically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues |
| Therapeutically equivalent– | when two formulations of a drug prove to have equal therapeutic effects |
| Orphan drugs | drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions |
| Toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues |
| Contraindications | medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable |
| Synergism | getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet) |
| qd: | once a day (quaque die) |
| bid | twice a day (bis in die) |
| tid: | 3x times a day (ter in die) |
| qid: | 4 times a day (quarter in die) |
| pc: | after meals (post cebum) |
| ac: | before meals (ante cebum) |
| po: | by mouth (per os) |
| prn: | as needed (pro re nata) |
| hs: | at bedtime (hora somni) |
| Schedule I: | Abuse potential: Highest Handling: No accepted medical use |
| Schedule II | abuse potential: High Handling: written prescription, no refill |
| Schedule III | abuse potential: Moderate faxed or electronic prescription - no more than 5 refills in 6 months |
| Schedule IV | abuse potential: less handling: faxed or electronic prescription - no more than 5 refills in 6 months |
| Schedule V | abuse potential: least handling: can be bought over the counter |
| -olol | beta blocker (BB) |
| -pril | ace inhibitor |
| -sartan | ARB (meds for hypertension, kidney disease, and heart failure) |
| -dipine | calcium channel blocker (CCB) |
| Digoxin (Lanoxin) | cardiac glycoside |
| -ide | Diuretic |
| -actone | Potassium-Sparing Diuretic |
| -statin | Antihyperlipidemic |
| statin | Antifungal (nystatin / Mycostatin) |
| -tidine | H2 Blockers |
| -prazole | Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) |
| -azole | Antifungal |
| -cillin | Antibacterial |
| -cycline | Tetracyclines |
| -fil | PDE 5 Inhibitors |
| -vir | antiviral |
| -one | Corticosteroids |
| -onate | Bisphosphonate |
| pam / -lam | Benzodiazepines |
| -pine | Antipsychotic Drugs |
| -pram / -tine | SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) |
| -line | TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants) |
| -terol | Beta-2 Agonists |
| -triptan | Anti-migraine (5-HT agonist) |
| pharmodynamics | the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
Created by:
JNguyenDH