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Earth systems

Unit 10

TermDefinition
Earth systems the interconnected components and processes that make up the planet and its environment.
Geosphere refers to the solid, rocky part of the Earth. It encompasses the Earth's entire structure from the outer crust to the inner core.
Hydrosphere refers to all the water found on, above, and below the Earth's surface.
Cryosphere refers to all the frozen water on Earth, including ice, snow, glaciers, and permafrost.
Atmosphere refers to the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth, held in place by gravity.
Biosphere refers to the zone of life on Earth, encompassing all living organisms and the ecosystems in which they interact.
Energy Budget of the Earth refers to the balance between the energy Earth receives from the Sun, the energy Earth radiates back into space, and the energy that is absorbed or stored.
Air pressure also known as atmospheric pressure, is the force exerted by the weight of the air molecules as they collide with surfaces.
Thermosphere is the fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, situated above the mesosphere and below the exosphere.
Mesosphere is the third layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere.
Stratosphere is the second layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere and below the mesosphere.
Troposphere is the atmospheric layer closest to the Earth’s surface, where all weather events occur and where most of the atmosphere's mass is located.
Ozone layer as a region of Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O₃) molecules.
Greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms Earth's surface and lower atmosphere.
Temperature the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object, especially as expressed according to a comparative scale and shown by a thermometer or perceived by touch.
Thermal Energy Thermal energy refers to energy within a system that's created by the random motion of molecules and atoms. As motion increases, more energy is produced. This energy is transferred in the form of heat.
Thermal Expansion Thermal expansion is the effect of temperature changes on altering the area, volume, and shape of matter
Heat heat, energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature.
Radiation Radiation is energy that moves from one place to another in a form that can be described as waves or particles.
Convection Convection is a type of heat transfer that can only happen in liquids and gases, because it involves those liquids or gases physically moving.
Conduction Conduction is when heat moves from one object to another object through direct touch.
Wind Wind is the natural movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface.
Coriolis Effect the Coriolis force is a pseudo force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.
Global Wind Global winds are winds that develop in belts distributed all around the world.
Jet Stream a long narrow meandering current of high-speed winds near the Tropopause blowing from a generally westerly direction and often exceeding a speed of 250 miles.
Local Wind local winds are sea breeze, land breeze, mountain breeze, and valley breeze.
Ocean Current Ocean currents are the continuous, predictable, directional movement of seawater driven by gravity, wind (Coriolis Effect), and water density.
Surface Current Current is defined as charge per unit time crossing some surface.
Deep Current Deep currents are, resulting from differences in water density.
Convection Current a current in a fluid that results from convection.
Upwelling Upwelling is the process in which cold, nutrient-rich water from the ocean depth rises to the surface. This brings nutrients to the surface, supporting the growth of phytoplankton and attracting marine life.
Created by: serenity orr
 

 



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