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Earth systems

Unit 10

TermDefinition
Earth system All of the nonliving things, living things, and processes that make up the planet Earth, including the solid earth, the hydro sphere, the atmosphere and biosphere.
Geosphere The most solid, rocky part of earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust.
Hydrosphere The portion of Earth that is water.
Cryosphere one of Earth's spheres where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground permafrost.
Atmosphere A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet,moon, or other celestial body.
Biosphere The part of Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth.
Energy budget The net flow of energy into and out of a system.
Air pressure The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface.
Thermosphere The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases.
Mesosphere The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.
Stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases.
troposphere The lowest layer of the atmosphere. in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases.
Ozone layer The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation.
Green house effect The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases absorb and reradiate energy.
temperature A measure of how hot or cold something is.
thermal energy The total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms.
thermal expansion An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance.
heat The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures.
radiation The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves
convection The movement of matter due to differences in density.
conduction The transfer of energy as heat through a material.
wind The movement of air caused by differences in air temperature.
Coriolis effect The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation.
global wind The movement of air over the Earth's surface in patterns that are world wide.
jet stream a narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere.
local wind The movement of air over short distances
ocean current A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern.
surface current A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by winds and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface
deep current a stream like movement of ocean water far below the surface.
convection current Any movement of matter that results from differences in density.
upwelling The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface.
Created by: Isaac Degeffe
 

 



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