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Earth system
nature of science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth system | the collection of Earth's physical, chemical, and biological processes that are interconnected through cycles like the water, carbon, and nitrogen cycles |
| Geosphere | the solid part of Earth, encompassing its crust, mantle, and core, which is made of all the rocks, minerals, and landforms on and beneath the surface |
| Hydrosphere | the total amount of water on Earth, found in liquid, solid (ice), and gaseous (vapor) states |
| Cryosphere | the term for all of Earth's frozen water, including ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, snow cover, permafrost, and frozen ground. |
| Atmosphere | the layer of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body |
| Biosphere | the global zone where life exists, encompassing all living organisms and their environments on, above, and below the Earth's surface |
| Energy budget | a balance sheet for energy that accounts for incoming and outgoing energy |
| Atmosphere | the layer of gases surrounding a planet or other celestial body, |
| Air pressure | the force exerted on a surface by the weight of the air above it |
| Thermosphere | the fourth layer of Earth's atmosphere, situated between the mesosphere and the exosphere, extending from about 90 to 550 kilometers above the surface. |
| Mesosphere | the third layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere. |
| Stratosphere | the second layer of Earth's atmosphere, located above the troposphere and extending up to about 50 km (30 miles) high |
| Troposphere | the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere. |
| Ozone layer | The ozone layer is a natural shield in the Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, protecting life on the surface |
| Greenhouse effect | a natural process where Earth's atmosphere traps heat from the sun, making the planet warm enough to support life |
| Temperture | Is how hot or cold it gets . |
| Thermal energy | Understanding Thermal Energy Transfer: In Depth Guide Wattco Thermal energy is the internal energy of a substance due to the movement and vibration of its atoms and molecules |
| Thermal expansion | What is Thermal Expansion? | Documentation | Sim Scale Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to increase in volume in response to an increase in temperature |
| Heat | In science, heat is the transfer of thermal energy between objects or systems due to a temperature difference |
| Radiation | the Energy released in the form of particle or electromagnetic waves. |
| Convection | Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) by the movement of the fluid itself. |
| Conduction | In science, conduction is the transfer of energy through direct contact, either through the collision of particles or the flow of charged particles. |
| wind | wind is the natural movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure |
| Coriolis effect | The Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects due to the Earth's rotation. |
| Global wind | Global winds are large-scale air masses that circulate the planet in consistent patterns, driven by the unequal heating of the Earth's surface and the Coriolis effect |
| Jet stream | A jet stream is a fast-flowing, narrow air current in the upper atmosphere that encircles the Earth and is caused by the planet's rotation and temperature differences between air masses |
| Local wind | A local wind is an air movement over a limited geographic area, typically spanning a few hundred kilometers at most. |
| ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern. |
| surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the ocean's surface. |
| Coriolis effect | The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation |
| deep current | A streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface |
| convection current | Any movement of matter that results from differences in density may be vertical circular or cyclical |
| Upwelling | The movement of deep cold and nutrient rich water to the surface |
Created by:
Laylani colon