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Earth systems
unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth Systems | All of nonliving things living things and processes that make up the planet earth including the solid earth, the hydrosphere the atmosphere and the biosphere |
| geosphere | the mostly solid rocky part of earth extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| hydrosphere | the portion of earth that is water |
| cryosphere | one of the Earth's spheres where water is solid |
| biosphere | a mixture of gases that surround a planet |
| atmosphere | the part of earth where life exists |
| energy budget | the net flow of energy into and out of a system |
| air pressure | the measure of force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | the upper most layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| mesosphere | the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core |
| stratosphere | the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| troposphere | the lowest layer in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases |
| ozone layer | the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 kn in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| green house effect | the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other glasses absorb and reradiate energy |
| temperature | a mearsure of hoe hot or cold something is |
| thermal energy | the total kinetic energy of a substance atoms |
| thermal expansion | an increase in size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of a substance |
| heat | the energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density |
| conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| Wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| coriolis effect | the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise strait path due to Earth's rotation |
| global wind | the movement of air over Earth's surface in patterns that are worldwide |
| jet stream | a narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| local wind | the movement of air over short distances |
| ocean current | a movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern |
| surface current | a horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs or or near the oceans surface |
| deep current | a streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface |
| convection current | any movement of matter that results differences in density |
| upwelling | the movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water due to the surface |
Created by:
Ana Maria Ferrao