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Earth system
Unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth system | All of the nonliving things living things and processes that make up the planet Earth , including the solid Earth the hydrosphere the atmosphere and the biosphere |
| Geosphere | The most solid rocky part of Earth extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| hydrosphere | The portion of Earth that is water |
| cryosphere | one of the earth's spheres where water is in solid form including snow cover floating ice glaciers, ice caps ice sheets and frozen ground permafrost |
| atmosphere | A mixture of gasses that surrounds a planet moon or other celestial body |
| biosphere | The part of Earth where life exists includes all of living organisms on Earth |
| energy budget | The net flow of energy into and out of a system. |
| air pressure | The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| mesosphere | The strong lower part of the mantle between the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases |
| stratosphere | The layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the |
| troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist. |
| ozone layer | The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| greenhouse effect | The warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs water vapor carbon dioxide and other gasses absorb and reradiate energy |
| temperature | A measure of how hot or cold something is specifically a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of a substance atoms |
| heat | The energy transferred between objects that are at different temperatures |
| radiation | The transfer of energy as electromagnet waves |
| convection | The movement of matter due to differences in density the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter |
| conduction | The transfer of energy as heat through material. |
| wind | The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| coriolis effect | The curing of the path of a moving from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation. |
| global wind | The movement of air over earth surface in patterns that are worldwide. |
| jet stream | A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere. |
| local wind | The movement of air over short distances occur in specific areas as results of certain geographical features |
| ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern |
| surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind occur at or near the ocean surface . |
| deep current | A streamlike movement of ocean water below the surface |
| convection current | Any movement of matter that results from differences in density may be vertical circular or cyclical.. |
| upwelling | The moving of deep cold and nutrient-rich water to the surface. |
Created by:
Emanuel Barraza