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Bones and Osteons
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| -osteo | Prefix of a word that relates to bones |
| Long Bones | Bones that are longer than they are wide, they are normally in the limbs that are crucial for moving |
| Short Bones | Bones that are close to equal in length height and width usually in the hands and the feet |
| Flat Bones | A bone that is often thin curves and flat with two hard layers |
| Irregular Bones | A bone characterized by its unique shape or size that doesnt fit into the other bone categorizes |
| Diaphysis | This is a structure of a long bone that relates to the midsection of the long bone or also called the shaft |
| Epiphysis | This is a structure in a long bone that relates to both ends of the bone, these are the wider parts that almost look like two spheres |
| Epiphyseal Line | This is a structure in a long bone that relates to a line of cartilage that will harden as you live, also known as the growth plate |
| Metaphysis | This is a structure in a long bone that relates to the area in between the diaphysis(shaft) and the epiphysis(end of the bone) |
| Medullary Cavity | Space in a long bone that is hollow and filled with bone marrow |
| Yellow Bone Marrow | A soft spongy tissue that is found inside of different bones |
| Periosteum | a dense layer of connective tissue that outlines the bones except for at the bones |
| Articular Cartilage | a layer of connective tissue that covers where the joints meet the bone |
| Spongy Bone | a type of bone tissue characterized by a honeycomb-like structure with trabeculae and open spaces filled with bone marrow and blood vessels |
| Trabeculae | the thin columns and plates of bone that create a spongy structure |
| Red Bone Marrow | Bone marrow in spongy bones that holds blood |
| Compact Bone | the dense, hard, and solid outer layer of bone that provides strength and structure to the skeletal system |
| osteon | the microscopic, cylindrical structural unit of compact bone, also known as the Haversian system |
| Haversian Canal | a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae in an osteon |
| Osteocyte | A bone cell |
| Osteoblast | Cells that build the bone up once it is broken down |
| osteoclast | Cells that break the bone down |
| Canaliculi | radiating channels that connect the small cavities called lacunae |
| Lamellae | thin, circular layers of bone tissue in an osteon that form rings around the central canal. |
| Endosteum | a thin layer of tissue that lines the inside of bones |
| Lacuna | a small space in bone or cartilage that holds a cell |
| Blood Vessels | the tubes that carry blood through the body. |
| Arterioles | very small arteries that branch off from larger arteries and lead into capillaries |
| Venules | very small veins that collect blood from capillaries and carry it into larger veins |