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AP GOV ch 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the parts of the Virginia Plan along with sources of opposition to it. | By James Madison 3 branches, 2 house legislature lower house- people elect upper house- state legislatures elect/ lower house members small states against - thought wouldn't be heard populous states got more votes in both houses |
| Describe the parts of the New Jersey Plan along with sources of opposition to it. | supports unicameral legislature, every state receive one vote. Opposed by Virginia plan (James Madison and large states) |
| supremacy clause | stating that the Constitution and treaties made by the U.S. under the Constitution are the supreme law of the land. |
| how can amendments be added/ratified to the constitution | Amendments to the Constitution can be proposed by ⅔ of Congress or ⅔ of states calling a convention. They can be ratified by ¾ of the state legislatures or ¾ of the state conventions. |
| “The Privileges and Immunities Clause” | Citizens from another state must be treated the same as citizens of the state in question |
| “Full Faith and Credit Clause” | basically requires that each state recognize one another’s laws and judgements. |
| necessary and proper clause/elastic clause | Congress has the power to make all laws “necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers. (even If not said in constitution) |
| commerce clause | Regulate international and interstate commerce |
| constitutional convention | a meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the articles of confederation |
| compromise on importation | Congress could not restrict slave trade until 1808 |
| writ of habeas corpus | the right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them |
| bill of attainder | when the legislature declares someone guilty with trial |
| ex post facto laws | laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the times they were committed |
| The great (Connecticut) compromise | compromise on agreement for a plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and new jersey plants; it settles issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with an HOR bases on pop and senate based equally |
| 3/5s compromise | an agreement reached by delegates at the constitutional convention that a slave would count as 3/5s of a person in calculating state representation |
| executive branch/ its enumerated powrs | president carries out laws passed by the legislative branch commander and chief negotiates treaties veto Appoint ambassadors, justices, and other federal officers State of the Union Address Pardoning power Receive foreign representatives |
| judicial branch/ its enumerated powers | federal/supreme courts responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal courts interpret laws/the constitution reviews cases/ can declare laws unconstitutional decides controversies between states Resolve legal disputes |
| legislative branch/ its enumerated powers | congress makes laws regulates foreign/interstate commerce declares war Taxing/Spending/Budgeting/ borrows money/Pay debts/ coin money Raise and support armies Creates lower court |
| amendmen | the process by which changes may be made to the constitution |
| separation of powers vs checks and balances | separation is the separate institutions sharing power while checks and balances is the power to prevent the other branches from making policies. |
| separation of powers | a design of government that distributes power across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own |
| checks and balances | a design of government in which each branch has powers that can prevent the power other branches from making policies. |
| federalism | the sharing of powers between the national government and states |
| expressed/enumerated powers | authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the constitution |
| implied powers | authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed power |
| how did the convention make amending the constitution easier than amending in AOC? | it made it so only majority (2/3 Congress and 3/4 states) has to approve it instead of in the AOC is was all 13 states had to agree. |
| what is the difference between a confederacy and constitutional republic? | confederacy- losee ties, a way of organizing power between national and state governments in which states have majority of the power. is weaker than constitutional republic different because national government has enough power to rule |
| what is the league of friendship for | describes the relationship between the thirteen American states under the Articles of Confederation. common defense of all states, security of liberties, mutual/general welfare, assist each other against any attacks |
| what was the purpose of the committee of states | to act as Congress when Congress wasn't in session |
| constitution | document that sets out the fundamental principles of government and establishes the institutions of government |
| republic | a government ruled by representatives of the people |
| shays's rebellion | a popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts showed a need for a strong national government due to rebellion and no control/stability in states |
| primary purpose/weaknesses of AOC | created “loose league of friendship”, states remained sovereign, they did not want to have a tyrannical leader. made central government weak, lacking power to tax and regulate trade, Have an army/ need unanimous approval. hard to pay debts/ enforce laws. |
| What were the Anti Federalists? | Opposed to the proposed Constitution wanted a stronger state government concerned Constitution would give the central govt too much power /would threaten individual liberties/ state sovereignty. were scared of another tyrannical central government. |
| Why was Brutus against the constitution | (feared state government would be irrelevant due to supremacy and elastic clauses. national government has no limit of power to lay taxes, duties etc. One entire republic is embraced. States can't raise money because they don't have power over taxing. |
| According to Brutus what is the most important power that can be granted? Why? | The power to lay and collect taxes is the most important power that can be granted to the federal government. This is because it is needed to execute all other powers. |
| why would it be difficult to carry out laws in a large republic according to Brutus? | Because the large, populated size of the US makes it hard to understand everyone's opinions. enforcement more difficult- civil officers in every government must be supported in the execution of laws. Enforcing laws requires an armed force |
| How would Madison Rebut Brutus's take on a republic not be a good fit for the US | use factions to rebuttal that a large and diverse republic is actually stronger. claims that with so many competing diverse factions/interest groups it would be hard for one to become too powerful or to completely dominate (they balance each other out) |
| Federalist papers | series of 85 essay written by Alexander Hamilton, john Jay, James Madison, published between 1787-1788 that lay out the theory behind the constitution |
| Federalist 51 | an essay in which Madison argues that separation of powers and federalism will prevent tyranny |
| faction | a group of self interested people who want to use the government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in the process |
| Federalist 10 | an essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government. |
| Brutus 1 | an antifederalist paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the constitution gave too much power to the national government. |
| 2 types of tyranny/ why were they feared? | minority- small # of people trample on rights of larger pop. could be disconnected gov and ruled by wealthy. feared by anti feds majority- feared by feds, large # of citizens (poor) use power to trample on rights of small groups, (shays's rebellion) |
| Bill of rights and why it was needed | list of rights and liberties that the gov couldn't take away, was necessary to check the tendency of the gov to infringe on rights/liberties of citizens. best argument made by anti feds |
| How would Shays's rebellion cause have caused some of the nations leaders to become focused on a strong national goveremnt | it showed people that rebellion was taking place and they were to weak to keep thing under control amongst states. American needed stability and protection. |
| grand committee | A committee at the constitutional convention that worked out the compromise on representation |
| what were the federalists | supporters of the constitution who called for a strong national government |
Created by:
Lilyhowes