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bones term

QuestionAnswer
osteo- bone related
long bones longer than they are wide (e.g., femur, humerus). Provide strength, structure, and mobility.
short bones roughly cube-shaped (e.g., carpals, tarsals). Provide stability with little movement.
flat bones thin, flat, and often curved (e.g., sternum, skull, ribs). Protect organs and provide surface area for muscle attachment.
irregular bones complex shapes (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis). Specialised functions such as protection and support.
Diaphysis shaft of a long bone; provides leverage and weight support.
Epiphysis expanded ends of a long bone; forms joints with other bones.
Epiphyseal Line remnant of the growth plate (epiphyseal plate); marks where bone growth occurred.
Metaphysis region between diaphysis and epiphysis; location of growth plate in growing bones.
Medullary Cavity hollow centre of the diaphysis; filled with yellow bone marrow in adults.
Yellow Bone Marrow stores fat (energy reserve).
Periosteum tough outer covering of bone; contains nerves, blood vessels, and bone-forming cells.
Articular Cartilage smooth cartilage covering epiphysis; reduces friction at joints.
Spongy Bone lightweight, porous bone in epiphyses; contains red bone marrow.
Trabeculae supporting lattice of spongy bone; spaces filled with red marrow.
Red Bone Marrow site of blood cell production (haematopoiesis).
Compact Bone dense outer layer; provides strength and protection.
Osteon (Haversian System) structural unit of compact bone.
Haversian Canal central canal containing blood vessels and nerves.
Osteocyte mature bone cell found in lacunae; maintains bone tissue.
Osteoblast bone-forming cell; builds bone matrix.
Osteoclast bone-resorbing cell; breaks down bone tissue.
Canaliculi tiny channels connecting lacunae; allow nutrient/waste exchange between osteocytes.
Lamellae concentric rings of bone matrix around Haversian canal.
Endosteum thin membrane lining medullary cavity and canals; contains bone-forming cells.
Lacuna small cavity containing an osteocyte.
Blood Vessels provide nutrients and oxygen, remove waste.
Arterioles small arteries that deliver oxygen-rich blood to bone tissue.
Venules small veins that drain deoxygenated blood away from bone.
Created by: user-1898992
 

 



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