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Chemistry Vocab Unit

Unit 3 Inro to Chemical Bonding

TermDefinition
Element A pure substance that consists of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. Each element is defined by the number of protons in its atoms.
Compound A substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio. The properties of a compound are distinct from the elements it contains
Molecule An electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. A molecule can consist of atoms of the same element (e.g., \(O_{2}\)) or different elements (e.g., \(H_{2}O\)).
Ionic Bond A type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between a positively charged ion (cation) and a negatively charged ion (anion). Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
Cation A positively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule loses one or more electrons. Cations are typically formed from metals.
Anion A negatively charged ion formed when an atom or molecule gains one or more electrons. Anions are typically formed from nonmetals.
Binary Compound Binary compound: A chemical compound composed of exactly two different elements, such as water (\(H_{2}O\)) or sodium chloride (\(NaCl\))
Ternary Compound A chemical compound containing three different elements. Sodium phosphate (\(Na_{3}PO_{4}\)) is an example
Polyatomic Metal Refers to an ion or molecule containing more than one atom. A polyatomic ion is a charged particle composed of two or more covalently bonded atoms that act as a single unit.
Reactants The starting substances that undergo a chemical transformation during a chemical reaction
Products The new substances that are formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Chemical Reaction A process that rearranges atoms and chemical bonds to transform one set of chemical substances (reactants) into another (products). This process is accompanied by an energy change.
Lewis Dot Structure A diagram used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or molecule. Dots are used for valence electrons and lines or pairs of dots for shared electron pairs in a chemical bond
Polar Covalent A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms due to a difference in electronegativity. This results in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other
Nonpolar Covalent A type of covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms. This happens when the atoms have similar or identical electronegativity values.
Electronegativity A measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself in a chemical bond. Electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table.
Metallic Bonding The chemical bonding that holds metal atoms together. It is characterized by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged metal ions and a "sea" of delocalized, or free-moving, electrons.
Chemical Formulas A concise representation of a substance that shows the elements present and their relative proportions. Subscripts are used to indicate the number of atoms of each element. For example, the chemical formula for water is \(H_{2}O\), indicating two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
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