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Text and Graphic fea
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Title | The name of the text or section that tells the reader what the writing will be about. Example: The Solar System. |
| Subtitle | A smaller title under the main title that gives extra information about the topic. Example: Exploring Planets and Stars. |
| Headings | Words or phrases that divide the text into sections and tell the main idea of each part. Example: Causes of the Civil War. |
| Subheadings | Smaller headings under main headings that give more detail about a section. Example: Economic Differences Between North and South. |
| Table of Contents | A list at the beginning of a book that shows chapters or sections and the page numbers where they begin. Example: “Chapter 3: The American Revolution … page 45.” |
| Index | An alphabetical list at the end of a book that shows important words or topics and the page numbers where they are found. Example: “Ecosystem … 22, 47–49.” |
| Glossary | A section, usually at the back of the book, that gives the meanings of important or unfamiliar words from the text. Example: “Photosynthesis: the process plants use to make food.” |
| Bold Words | Darker print used to show that a word is important or should be noticed. Example: Gravity pulls objects toward Earth. |
| Italicized Words | Slanted print used to show emphasis or to identify titles, new terms, or important ideas. Example: The word democracy means government by the people. |
| Underlined Words | Words with a line beneath them that are meant to be noticed or emphasized. Example: The most important rule is to always wash your hands. |
| Bulleted List | A list of items with small dots or symbols to make the information easier to read. |
| Sidebar | A small block of text placed beside the main text that provides extra information or examples. Example: A fact box in a history book that says, “Did you know George Washington’s teeth were not wooden?” |
| Textbox | A box of information that stands out from the main text to give key details or facts. Example: A highlighted box that explains “Key Vocabulary: Erosion.” |
| Caption | Words near a picture, chart, or illustration that explain what the visual is showing. Example: A picture of Abraham Lincoln with the caption, “Lincoln was the 16th President.” |
| Footnote | A note at the bottom of a page that explains part of the text in more detail. Example: “¹Data collected in 2022 by the U.S. Census Bureau.” |
| Endnote | Notes placed at the end of a book or article that provide references or extra explanations. Example: “See Endnote 12 for more information about Thomas Jefferson.” |
| Hyperlink | A word, phrase, or image in digital text that connects to another page or source of information when clicked. Example: Clicking the word volcano brings you to a science website. |
| Photograph | A real picture taken with a camera that helps readers see exactly what something looks like. Example: A photo of a bald eagle in a science book. |
| Illustration | A hand-drawn or computer-made picture that helps explain or add meaning to the text. Example: A drawing of the water cycle. |
| Diagram | A labeled drawing that shows the parts of something or how it works. Example: A diagram of a plant showing roots, stem, and leaves. |
| Chart | A visual display of information, often using columns or rows, that helps readers compare or organize ideas. Example: A chart comparing vertebrates and invertebrates. |
| Table | Information arranged in rows and columns to make details easier to read and understand. Example: A multiplication table. |
| Graph | A visual display of data, such as a bar graph, line graph, or pie chart, to show patterns or amounts. Example: A bar graph showing favorite school lunch choices. |
| Map | A picture that shows the location of places, landforms, or movement from one place to another. Example: A map of Virginia with rivers and mountains labeled. |
| Timeline | A line that shows events in the order they happened, often with dates. Example: A timeline of the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783. |
| Flowchart | A diagram that shows steps in a process or sequence with arrows or connecting lines. Example: A flowchart showing the steps of the scientific method. |
| Label | A word or phrase placed next to part of a picture or diagram that tells what it is. Example: A picture of a frog with labels for eyes, legs, and skin. |
| Cutaway | A drawing that shows the inside parts of an object by cutting away some of the outside. Example: A cutaway of a house showing rooms inside. |
| Cross-section | A diagram that shows what the inside of something looks like as if it were sliced open. Example: A cross-section of a tree showing growth rings. |
| Icon | A small simple picture that represents an idea, object, or action, often used in charts or maps. Example: A recycling bin icon meaning “recycle here.” |
| Symbol | A picture or sign that stands for something else, such as a star for a capital city on a map. Example: A star marking Richmond on a map of Virginia. |