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NAC - Unit 3
Information that may or may not be on the exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| HS | hours of sleep; bedtime |
| ROM | range of motion |
| _ ac | before meals |
| WNL | with normal limits |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| Tx | treatment |
| dz | disease |
| BM | bowel movement |
| BSC | bedside commode |
| cl liq | clear liquids |
| HOH | hard of hearing |
| inc | incontinent |
| LOC | level of consciousness |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| SOA | short of air |
| s/s | signs and symptoms |
| T,C,DB | turn, cough, deep breath |
| AD or Alz. dz | Alzheimer's disease |
| A/O | alert and oriented |
| diet cards | cards that list res names and info on diets, allergies, like and dislikes any other dietary instructions |
| diuretics | substances that increase urine formation and cause the body to excrete sodium, potassium and H2O through kidneys |
| fasting | a period during which food is given up voluntarily |
| graduate | container for measuring fluid volume |
| intake | the fluids taken in and used by the body - aka input |
| output | fluid that is eliminated each day through urine, feces, vomitus and perspiration; also includes suctioned material and wound drainage |
| puree | to blend or grind food into a thick paste |
| Identify the six basic nutrients | water, fats, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins and minerals |
| CHO | carbohydrate |
| who elevates a res with dysphagia | A Speech language pathologist determine if this pt can consume thickened liquid/modified food textures to help w/swallowing |
| What are examples of thickened consistencies in a facility | nectar thick, honey thick and pudding thick |
| Nectar thick | consistency is similar to fruit nectar or thicker juices i.e. tomato juice |
| honey thick | consistency similar to honey, pours very slowly /spoon thick |
| pudding thick | consistency is semi-solid like pudding, spoon will stand up straight when put in this liquid |
| When feeding a pt what should you remember | to turn your plate like a clock so the pt can see everything on the plate |
| colon | the large intestine |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of sacs that develop in the wall of the large intestine due to diverticulosis |
| duodenum | the first part of the small intestine, where the common bile duct enters the small intestine |
| fecal impaction | a mass of dry, hard stool that remains packed in the rectum and cannot be expelled |
| flatulence | air in the intestine that is passed through the rectum; aka gas or flatus |
| hemorrhoids | enlarge veins in the rectum that can cause itching, burning, pain and bleeding |
| occult | hidden |
| ostomy | surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside |
| peristalsis | muscular contractions that push food through the gastrointestinal tract |
| stoma | a surgically created opening in the abdomen that allows waste (feces or urine) to exit the body into a collection bag |
| villi | small, finger like, projections in the small intestine |
| how long is the rectum | 5 to 6 inches |
| how long is the small intestine | 20 to 26 ft long |
| how long is the large intestine | 5 to 6 ft long |
| What are the 4 functions of the gastrointestinal system | ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste products from the body |
| What is ingestion | taking food or fluids into the body |
| what is digestion | converting food so that it can be absorbed into the blood and used by the body tissues |
| what is absorption | transfer of nutrients from intestine to cells |
| what is elimination | waste product from food and fluid |
| What are the 6 changes in the gastrointestinal system due to aging | taste decreases, digestion takes longer/ is less efficient, body waste moves more slowly through the intestines, causing frequent constipation, difficulty chewing/swallowing, absorption of vitamins/minerals decrease, saliva and digestive fluids decrease |
| Try to get pt to intake how many cc of H2O | 1500cc in 24 hrs |
| What is GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| What is the definition of GERD | chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus |
| cholecystitis | blockage of the bile ducts can cause inflammation of the gallbladder |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gallbladder |
| What is constipation | is the inability to eliminate stool, or the infrequent difficult, and often painful elimination of hard, dry stool |
| what is an enema | is a specific amount of water or other fluid, w/wo an additives, intro into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool |
| What is a rectal suppository | solid medicine in a cylindrical shape given rectally to cause a bowel movement |
| What is the SIMS position | left side-lying position proper position for an enema |
| What is a guaiac test | it is another name for a fecal occult test, looking for blood in stool |
| What is an ileostomy | surgically created opening in the end of the small intestine, the ileum, to allow stool to be expelled |
| What is a colostomy | is a surgically created opening into the large intestine to allow stool to be expelled |
| grief | a deeply emotional process that is a response to loss |
| hospice care | holistic, compassionate care given people who have approx. 6 months or less to live, care is available until the person dies |
| palliative care | care that focuses on pain relief, controlling symptoms, preventing side effects and complications & maintaining quality of life for a person who is very ill and/or is dying |
| What are the states or process of grief | 1 - Denial, 2 - anger, 3 - bargaining, 4 - depression and 5 - acceptance |
| Alzheimer's Disease (AD) | progressive, degenerative and incurable disease that causes proteins to build up in & around nerve cells, which result in memory loss, cognitive impairment and behavioral changes |
| cataract | a condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, causing vision loss |
| catastrophic reaction | reacting to something in an unreasonable, exaggerated way - an intense emotional and behavioral outburst triggered by a perceived overwhelming or threatening situation |
| cerebrovascular accident CVA | condition cause when blood supply to the brain is cut off suddenly by a clot or a rupture blood vessel; aka stroke |
| delusion | a belief in something that is not true or is out of touch with reality |
| dementia | serious, progressive loss of mental abilities such as thinking, remembering, reasoning and communicating |
| hallucination | a false perception that involves seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling things that are not there |
| Parkinson's disease | a progressive disease that causes a portion of the brain to degenerate; causes rigid muscles, shuffling gait, pill-rolling, mask-like face and tremors |
| What are the changes in nervous system due to aging | responses & reflexes slow, some memory loss occurs, especially short-term memory loss, sensitivity of nerve ending in skin decease, resulting in diminished sense of touch, hearing loss, senses of vision, smell and taste weaken |
| What are the two main types of CVA | Clot and brain bleeds |
| What is the % on clots or bleeds in the brain | 85% related to clots and 15% R/T are bleeds |
| What side do you ambulate on | the weak side |
| What side do you transfer on | the strong side |
| What is another name for farsightedness | hyperopia |
| What is farsightedness | is the ability to see distant objects more clearly than object that are near |
| What is Presbyopia | is an age-related condition in which the eyes cannot focus clearly on objects that are near and close-up vision becomes blurry |
| What is glaucoma | leading cause of blindness in the US. Pressure inside the eye called intraocular pressure, increases causing damage to the optic nerve (pressure in eye increases, damaging the optic nerve and causing blindness) |
| What are hearing aids | small device placed in the ear to amplify sound |
| What is sundowning | when a res with Alz becomes restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening or night |
| What is elopes | it is when an Alz pt is wandering away from the protected area and does not return |
| what is validation therapy | means letting res believe they live in the past or in imaginary circumstances |
| what are alveoli | tiny grape-like sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs |
| what is asthma | chronic & episodic inflammatory disease that makes it difficult to breathe & causes coughing and wheezing |
| what are bronchi | branches of the passages of the respiratory system that lead from the trachea into the lungs |
| What is COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | chronic, progressive, and incurable lung disease that causes difficulty breathing |
| what is emphysema | a chronic, incurable lung disease in which the alveoli in lungs become filled with trapped air; usually result from smoking and chronic bronchitis |
| What is expectorate | to spit |
| What is sputum | mucus coughed up from the lungs |
| how many lopes are there for the lungs | 3 on the right side and 2 on the left side |
| What is a spirometer | it is used to help pt out of surgery to do deep breathing exercises |
| what is diabetes | condition that occurs when the pancreas produces no insulin, too little insulin, or does not properly use insulin, causing problems with circulation and can damage vital organs |
| what is hyperglycemia | high blood glucose (blood sugar) |
| what is hypoglycemia | low blood glucose (blood sugar) aka insulin reaction or insulin shock |
| what is polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| what is polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| what is polyuria | excessive urination |
| What does the pancreas produce | hormone insulin |
| what is insulin | regulates the amount of glucose available to the cells for metabolism |
| how is 1 teaspoon equivalent to in cc's | 5 ccs |
| what is 3 teaspoons equivalent to | 1 tablespoon or 15 cc's |
| What is 2 tablespoons equivalent to | 1 ounce or 30 cc's |
| what is 1/2 cup equivalent to | 4 ounces or 120 cc's |
| what is 1 cup equivalent to | 8 ounces or 240 cc's |
| What is considered to be the final stage of the grieving process | acceptance |
| What is POLST | portable orders for life sustaining treatment |
| What does the POLST do for you | helps anyone coming to your aid to know what your wishes are as far as CPR, medical interventions |
| What is important to know about your patient | their status code |
| If your patient dies what is important to make sure goes with the res to the mortuary | Their glasses if they have them, dentures |
| What do you do in the pt room after they die | make sure the linens are clean and changed, make sure you always clean the pt up and maintain privacy at all times |
| What is hyper peristalsis | diarrhea |
| What are we looking at for BM when documenting | color, size and consistency |
| What are the different ways to describe size | smear, S - M - L - xl |
| what do you use to describe the consistency of BM | liquid, loose, formed, firm, pellets |
| What is the rainbow description for BM | yellow indicates C. Diff report this stat, green usually indicates food additives, brown is normal, black indicates blood or iron (sulfate) in the BM, white indicates barium contrast from having x-rays |
| Once you notice the white BM what do you do | report it stat - barium sets up like concrete |
| If the blood in BM is bright what does this indicate | The blood is coming from the rectum, anus or lower GI |
| If the blood is dark in the stool what does this indicate | it is from the stomach up in the body |
| What is occult blood | hidden blood |
| What is guaiac (pronounced qui ack) | This is a test that looks for blood in stool |
| If the pt has liquid or loose stool is this normal | no, make a point to document |
| What does pellets for BM indicate | there is a dehydration issue with the pt |
| How far up in the rectum do you put a suppository | approx. 2 inches |
| Why do we leave the pt siting up right after eating | to prevent GERD and aspiration |
| What are the 2 main types of hemorrhoids | internal and external |
| How would you find internal hemorrhoids | when doing perineal it would be bright red blood on the wash cloth |
| Can you do anything for external hemorrhoids | this is an enlargement found outside the anus and it can be pushed back inside the body, looks like small grape like formations |
| What is the abbreviation used for protein | PRO |
| What is the abbreviation used for carbohydrates | CCHO |
| How much of your dietary plate is what | 1/2 the plate is between fruits and vegetables, 1/4 whole grains, 1/4 protein and some dairy |
| what is 1 ounce in cc's | 30 ccs |
| How many calories is 1 gram of fat | 9 calories |
| How many calories is 1 gram of protein | 4 calories |
| How many calories is 1 gram of carbohydrates | 4 calories |
| How much fiber should you have on average | 30 grams |
| what does fiber do for the body | it bonds with carbohydrates to help the GI to slow the absorption of carbohydrates |
| What do you call an adult bib | food catcher or shirt saver |
| What happens when glands secrete hormones | it initiates the chemical reaction |
| Diabetes effects the pancreas how | it has to do with insulin production |
| What are the 2 types of diabetes we talked about in class | Type 1 juvenile onset which is insulin dependent, it is an auto immune disease, type 2 adult onset, can be caused by morbidly obesity it can be controlled and it is insulin resistance |
| How should you think of carbohydrates in the body | it is like dry cedar - hot burning, fast burning, and burns out |
| How should you think of proteins in the body | like dry ash - burns warm, burns long time, constant heat |
| How should you think of fat in the body | burns like green alder - smokes for a while, dries out, heat is not quality, but it keeps fire burning for long time |
| What order does the body use these carbohydrates, fat and protein | it used the carbohydrates first, then the protein and fat at the same time because the protein will burn out just as the fat starts to burn |
| What are some of the symptoms of hypoglycemia | weak, brain fog, sluggish, shaky, pale and confused |
| What is the most dangerous in the short term hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia | hypoglycemia |
| What are some of the symptoms of hyperglycemia | sweating, thirst, irritable, hyperactive and aggressive |
| What is the worst in the long run hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia | Hyperglycemia because it causes damage |
| What should you give someone having a reaction | fruit, candy like nerds, Skittles, smarties, pure sugar, 1/2 can soda or 5 life savers |
| What is a byproduct of fat metabolism | ketone in your urine |
| What is bronchitis | inflammation of bronchi (COPD pt) has a productive cough |
| What is a nebulizer | breathing treatment - fast-acting bronchodilator (albuterol) |
| What is delirium | a sudden state of severe confusion due to a change in the body (aka) acute confusional state or acute brain syndrome |
| What is inappropriate reaction to situation | loss of reasoning, thinking, memory communicating and making judgement |
| How can you find out pt that are good at elopes | Their picture is posted at the nurse's station |
| List the organs that have to do with digestion | esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, small and large intestines, duodenum, pancreas, rectum, anus |
| what are the three states of Alzheimer type dementia | Early stage, middle stage, late stage |
| What is early stage Alzheimer's | recent memory loss, progressive forgetfulness, easily confused, loss of spontaneity, less outgoing, repeats words and actions, gets disoriented to time and place, decreases judgement PT still at home |
| How many years is early stage Dementia/Alzheimer's | last 2 - 4 years |
| What is middle stage Dementia/Alzheimer's | hard to recognize friends/family, can't retain new experiences, lost/wanders, restless late afternoon/ evening, sundowning, muscle twitching/ jerking, hard to think, vocab decrease, confusing speech, can't read, irritable, suspicious, anxious, catastrophi |
| How many years is middle stage Dementia/Alzheimer's | 2 years to 12 years this is the longest stage |
| What is late stage Dementia/Alzheimers | unable to recognize self/others, severe weight loss, inability to perform/self-care, incontinence, loss of speech, inability to walk, sit-up, extremely irritable, bed bound, increased need for oral stimulation, hard to swallow, needs more sleep, coma, tot |
| When making everything in to ounces remember the multiplication rule | 8 oz so 8 times 3 then add a zero so 240 |
| What order from the mouth are the digestive organs | esophagus, glottis, stomach, duodenum, pancreas is behind the stomach, next to gallbladder under the liver, to the small then large intestines to the rectum to the anus |
| When documenting what the pt eats remember | % of solids eaten, and how many cc's of liquid - if they get a supplement then add this |
| What is the job of villi | finger-like projections in lining of small intestine, which increase surface area for nutrient absorption. These villi are crucial for absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, which then transports the nutrients throughout the body |
| Where will you find villi | in the duodenum and the small intestines |
| What disease causes tremors | Parkinson Disease |
| What causes the skin to be blushing/pale bluish skin | Cyanotic |
| Is dementia a normal part of aging | No |
| What does bile do | plays a crucial role in the emulsiification of fat by the liver |
| What kind of breathing does a COPD pt have | Pursed lips breathing |
| What is the body type for a COPD pt | barrel chested |
| When a pt has hypoglycemia, what do you need to do to get their sugar level back to normal | Give them 20 - 24 gram of carbohydrates to raise the blood sugar back to normal |
| What does an oxygen concentrator machine do | It takes room oxygen (21%) and purifies it to 100% |
| Is farsightedness more common in our elderly | Yes |
Created by:
bdeebrian