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chemistry vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| density | a ratio that compares the mass of an object to its volume |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space; is classified as pure substances and mixtures |
| substance | matter with a uniform and unchanging composition |
| states of matter | liquid, gas, solid, and plasma |
| solid | a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume |
| gas | a form of matter that not only flows to convert to the shape of its container |
| liquid | a form of matter that flows, has constant volume and takes shape of its container |
| vapor | the gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature |
| plasma | form of matter that results when particles of gas become ionized and are broken apart into smaller charged particles |
| physical property | a characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the samples composition |
| extensive properties | such as mass, length, and volume, are dependent on the amount of substance present |
| intensive properties | such as density, are independent of the amount of substance present |
| chemical property | the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances |
| physical change | a type of change that alters the physical properties of a substance but does not change its composition |
| phase change | a transition of matter from one state to another |
| chemical change | a process involving one or more substances changing into new substances; also called a chemical reaction |
| law of conservation of mass | states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction but is conserved |
| elements | a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances |
| compounds | made up of two or more elements combined chemically in fixed ratio; compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemicals |
| law of definite proportions | compounds are always composed of the same elements in the same proportions; we express this by using percent by mass. |
| % by mass | mass of element/mass of compound x 100 |
| mixture | a combination of two or more pure substances in which each substances retains its individual chemical properties; a mixture can be heterogeneous or homogeneous |
| heterogeneous mixture | does not have a uniform composition and the individual substances remain distinct ex: dirt, blood, milk |
| homogeneous mixture/solution | has a constant composition throughout, it always has a single-phase ex: lemonade, gasoline, steel |
| filtration | a technique that uses a parous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture |
| sublimation | a process during which a solid changes to vapor without melting. It can separate two solids in a mixture when one sublimates but the other does not. |
| distillation | a physical separation technique for homogeneous mixtures based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved |
| chromatography | separates the components of a mixture dissolved in wither gas or a liquid based on the ability of each component to travel across the surface of a fixed substrate |
| crystallization | a separation technique that forms pure solid particles of a substance from solution containing the dissolved substance |
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