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Unit 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Linguist | a language specialist |
| language | A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. |
| Indo-European language family | Family of languages with the greatest number of speakers, spoken in most of Europe and areas of European settlement and in much of southwestern and southern Asia. |
| Romance languages | A subgroup of Indo-European derived from Latin including Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. |
| Germanic languages | A subgroup of Indo-European that includes English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish. |
| Balto-Slavic Languages | a subgroup of Indo-European that includes - the Baltic languages (Lithuanian and Latvian) and the Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Polish and Russian) |
| Indo-Iranian Languages | A subgroup of Indo-European that includes Hindi (India) and Urdu, Farsi/Persian (Iran) and Kurdish |
| Language Tree | "map" of how languages are related |
| centripetal force | An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state |
| centrifugal force | a force that divides people and countries |
| Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |
| Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. |
| Lingua Franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. |
| Slang | informal language |
| Creole language | A language that develops from a pidgin language and is taught as a first language. |
| Pidgin language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages. |
| Official language | The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct of business and publication of documents. |
| homogeneous | of the same kind; similar; uniform |
| heterogeneous | composed of unlike parts; different; diverse |
| hierarchical diffusion | The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places |
| relocation diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another. |
| stimulus diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is rejected. |
| contagious diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. |
| Toponym | the name given to a place on Earth |
| Dead language | one that has no living speakers, but it is still used/studied for legal or religious purposes |
| native language | A person's first language |
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100109276