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Chem vocab review
PS8.1.1-PS8.1.5 Vocabulary review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element |
| compound | pure substances that are composed of two or more types of elements that are chemically combined |
| electron | a negatively charged subatomic particle found outside of the nucleus of the atom |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture that is not uniform throughout, the component substances can be visibly distinguished |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture that is uniform throughout, the substances are evenly mixed and cannot be visibly distinguished |
| mixture | physical combinations of two or more different substances that retain their own individual properties and are combined physically (mixed together) |
| Molecule | a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction |
| Neutron | a subatomic particle with no charge (neutral) found in the nucleus of the atom |
| Proton | a positive subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Valenc electron | The number of electrons found in the outer shell. These electrons can be gained, lost, or shared during a chemical reaction |
| Periodic table | A chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties |
| atomic number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| atomic mass | The average mass of all the isotopes of an element |
| Group/family | Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table. 18 Columns |
| Period | A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table. 7 Rows |
| Metal | elements with similar properties found on the left side of the “staircase” on the periodic table |
| Metalloid | elements with similar properties that create a “staircase” on the periodic table |
| nonmetal | elements with similar properties found on the right side of the “staircase” on the periodic table |
| malleability | A term used to describe a material that can be pounded into shapes |
| conductivity | The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object |
| reactive | The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds |
| ductility | A term used to describe a material that can be pulled out into a long wire |
| Chemical formula | A notation used by scientists to show the number and type of atoms present in a molecule, using the atomic symbols and numerical subscripts |
| Chemical symbol | one or two letter abbreviation derived from the element's name |
| Energy | The ability to do work. The potential to generate power or heat that can be harnessed and utilized by humans |
| Law of conservation of mass, | The amount of matter does not change during a chemical reaction, only that the atoms are rearranged to form new substances. This is evidenced in a balanced chemical equation. |
| Chemical Equation | Uses chemical formulas and other symbols instead of words to summarize a reaction. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O |
| Closed System | A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave. |
| Open System | A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings. |
| Coefficient | A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O |
| Subscript | A specific number of atoms of the element found in each molecule of a substance. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O |
| Catalyst | substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction |
| pH | A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water-soluble substances on a scale of 0 - 14 |
| Chemical Change | A change resulting in the formation of one or more new substances with new chemical and physical properties |
| Chemical Properties | Can be recognized only when substances react or do not react chemically with one another, that is, when they undergo a change in composition |
| Physical Change | Does not change the composition of a substance, only the physical properties |
| Physical Properties | Can be observed and measured without changing the kind of matter being studied |
| Precipitate | A solid substance formed when two solutions are chemically combined |
| Products | New substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction (located in the direction of the pointing arrow in a chemical equation) |
| Reactants | Substances present at the start of a chemical reaction (located before the arrow in a chemical equation) |
| Solution | A special type of homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances where one substance is dissolved in another substance |
| Solvent | A liquid that does the dissolving |
| Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a liquid |
| Solubility | Ability to dissolve in a liquid |
| Exothermic Reaction | chemical reaction that involves the release of energy in the form of heat or light |
| Endothermic Reaction | A chemical reaction in which the reactants absorb heat energy from the surroundings to form products |
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