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Bladder Cancer

QuestionAnswer
Aetiology (4) - Smoking - Chronic bladder infection - Occupational carcinogens (naphthylamine) - Cyclophosphamide exposure
Signs and symptoms (3) - Haematuria - Increased frequency/urgency of urination - Obstruction
Patterns of spread (2) Lymphatic spread 1st to: - Internal, external and common iliac LNs - Obturator LNs 2nd to: - Para-aortic LNs - Inguinal LNs
Clinical management (stages) Superficial disease (Ta and T1): - Cystoscopy - Laser treatment - Cryosurgery - Cystodiathermy Muscle-invasive disease (T2 and T3): - Surgery and RT RAD: 55Gy in 20 or 64Gy in 32 PAL: 8Gy in 1, 21Gy in 3 or 50Gy in 20
Side effects (acute and late) ACUTE - Frequency/urgency of urination - Haematuria - Fragments in urine - Diarrhoea - Nausea and vomiting - Local skin reaction LATE - Fibrosis and shrinkage - Haematuria - Telangiectasia - Late bowel damage - Vaginal stenosis - Impotence
Patient care (3) - High fluid intake - Medication - Monitoring
Created by: chloe.donaldson
 

 



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