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Chemistry
Structure and Bonding, Organics.
| Alkene(C=C) + H+/MnO4- | Diol (OH, OH) Addition reaction |
| Alkene(C=C) + H2 and Ni/Pt catalyst | Alkane(C-C) Addition reaction |
| Alkene(C=C) + HX or X2 | Haloalkane (C-X) Addition reaction |
| Alkene(C=C) + H2O and Heat/Acid conditions | Alcohol(C-OH) Addition reaction |
| Alkane(C-C) + X2 + UV Light | Haloalkane (C-x) Addition reaction |
| Haloalkane(C-X) + KOH (alc) | Alkene(C=C) Elimination reaction |
| Haloalkane(C-X) + NH3 (alc) | Amine(C-NH2) Substitution reaction |
| Haloalkane(C-X) + KOH(aq) | Alcohol(C-OH) Substitution reaction |
| Alcohol(C-OH) + HX | Haloalkane(C-X) Substitution reaction |
| Alcohol(C-OH) + H2SO4(conc) | Alkene(C=C) Elimination reaction |
| Alcohol(C-OH) + H+/KMnO4- or + H+/Cr2O7^2- | Carboxylic Acid(C=O,-OH) Oxidation reaction |
| Molecular compound bonding | Weak molecular bonding |
| Molecular compound solubility | Soluble in a like solvents, via dipole-dipole bonding |
| Molecular compound conductivity | No free ions or electrons, no conductivity in any state |
| Ionic compound bonds | Strong ionic bonds between ions |
| Ionic compound solubility | Soluble in polar solvents like water, via dipole-diple bonding |
| Ionic compound solubility | Ions cannot move and therefore cannot conduct when solid, when molten or liquid can move so can conduct a current |
| Metal bonds | Strong multidirectional bonds via sea of electrons |
| Metal solubility | Nonpolar, not soluble in water |
| Metal conductivity | Delocalised electrons move freely, can conduct electricity in solid or liquid(molten) states. |
| Covalent Networks (2d) bonds | Strong covalent bonds inside layers, weak molecular forces between them |
| Covalent Networks (2d) solubility | insoluble basically |
| Covalent Networks (2d) conductivity | There are clouds of electrons between layers but not really conductive as they cannot move out of layers |
| Covalent Networks (3d) bonding | Extremely strong covalent bonds between atoms |
| Covalent Networks (3d) solubility | Insoluble |
| Covalent Networks (3d) conductivity | All electrons are held in strong, unbreakable covalent bonds, none to move, none to conduct |