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A&P:Cell&Tissue Rev
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Epithelial tissue | found in your organs and covers internal and external surfaces in your body |
| Connective tissue | Supports and binds other tissues, forms bone, cartilage, and blood |
| Muscle tissue | Contracts to produce movement, including skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles |
| Nervous tissue | Transmits electrical impulses and coordinates body functions, including the brain and spinal cord |
| prokaryote | no nucleus; 2 types of bacteria: bacteria and Archea; unicellular |
| eukaryote | nucleus present and other membrane bound organelles; unicellular or multicellular |
| ribosomes | make protein |
| nucleus | stores DNA |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | ribosome coated; transport protein |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | synthesize lipids and detoxify |
| golgi apparatus | package and transport |
| lysosomes | digestive enzymes only in animal cells |
| peroxisomes | break down toxic compounds in all cells |
| vacuole | storage |
| mitochondria | synthesize energy |
| cytoskeleton | provide shape, structure & movement of cell |
| cillia | short hair like structures providing cell movement |
| flagella | longer tail like structure providing cell movement |
| cell junctions | tight, desmosomes & gap allow animal cells to interact |
| cell membrane | plasma membrane, phospholipid bilayer. or fluid mosaic model |
| integral protein | protein in the cell membrane |
| peripheral membrane protein | protein around the perimeter |
| concentration gradient | difference in concentration of a substance between two areas |
| diffusion | movement from high concentration to low concentration |
| semipermeable | selective membrane |
| passive transport | no energy required; movement from high to low concentration |
| active transport | energy required; movement from low to high concentration |
| osmosis | passive diffusion of a solvent |
| hypotonic | lower solute concentration; may burst |
| isotonic | equal solute concentration |
| hypertonic | higher solute concentration; may shrink |
| simple diffusion | direct movement of small uncharged molecules |
| facilitated diffusion | movement using a transport protein |
| aquaporins | transport water |
| active transport | requires energy |
| primary active transport | energy; ATP hydrolysis; sodium-potassium pump |
| secondary active transport | energy; concentration gradient; sodium -glucose |
| endocytosis | larger molecules into a cell through a membrane channel; phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor mediated |
| exocytosis | vesicle fuse with the membrane to allow content to exit |
| mitosis | cell division; asexual; exact copy of body cells; repair and renew |
| meiosis | haploid cells; produce diverse offsprings |
| cell cycle stages | G0, G1, S, G2, Mitosis & Cytokinesis |
| interphase | non dividing phase where cell spends most of the time |
| phases of mitosis | PMMAT: Prophase, Prometaphase, Anaphase & Telophase |
| cytokinesis | splitting of the cytoplasm |
| apoptosis | cell death |
| cancer | errors in mitosis |
Created by:
dsookdeo