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CHE 118 Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Alpha decay particle | 4/2 a |
| Why would an atom undergo alpha decay? | To reduce its mass and atomic number in order to become stable |
| How to predict an atom will undergo alpha decay? | If the Z>83, very large and heavy |
| Beta decay particle | 0/-1 B |
| Why would an atom undergo beta decay? | Too neutron-rich to be stable |
| How to predict an atom will undergo beta decay? | Isotopes below and to the right of the line of stability (Too many neutrons per proton) |
| What happens during beta decay? | Unstable neutron turns into a stable proton and a beta - is emitted |
| Positron emission particle | 0/+1 B |
| Why would an atom undergo positron emission? | not enough neutrons per proton, so a proton would convert into a neutron |
| Electron capture particle | x-rays |
| Why would an atom undergo electron capture? | too many protons per neutron to be stable, so a proton and electron interact to become a neutron |
| Spontaneous fission particle | neutrons |
| Why would an atom go under spontaneous fission? | Superheavy element splits to become stable |
| As nuclei get larger___ | NBE increases |
| Basic Rate= | change in concentration/ change in time |
| Rate of qQ + rR ---> nN +pP | -1/q (delta Q/delta t)= -1/r (delta R/delta t)= 1/n (delta N/delta t)= 1/p (delta P/delta t) |
| Basic Rate= | change in concentration/ change in time |
| Rate of qQ + rR ---> nN +pP | -1/q (delta Q/delta t)= -1/r (delta R/delta t)= 1/n (delta N/delta t)= 1/p (delta P/delta t) |
| Zeroth order | absorbance vs. time |
| 1st order | ln (absorbance) vs. time |
| 2nd order | 1/absorbance vs. time |
| Half-life Equation | Final amount= Initial (1/2)^ (total time/half-life) |
| Which ordered reactions will have a larger rate at higher concentrations | first and second |
| In radioactive decay, what is k? | Lambda (λ) |
| First order slope | -k |
| Second order slope | k |
| Zeroth order slope | -k |
| First order half-life equation | =ln(2)/k |
| Second order half-life equation | =1/k[A]initial |
| Zeroth order half-life equation | =[A]initial/2k |
| Pre-equilibirum Approximation 1st step speed | First step fast, 2nd step slow |
| Pre-equilibirum Approximation | 1. Set forward rate equal to reverse rate to get intermediate 2. Substitute intermediate into rate law with slow step |
| Steady-state approximation | 1. 0=forward rate - reverse rate - second step rate 2. Solve for intermediate 3. Plug intermediate substitute into rate law for irreversible step (K2) |
| Oxidation | loss of electrons |
| Reduction | gain of electrons |
| Change in entropy | Delta mol gas= large delta mol liquid= med-large Delta mol solid = small |
| Why would something have a delta H not of 0? | Stable elemental form |
| HOAc | Acid |
| OAc | conj. base |
| What is pKa? | How acidic an acid is (lower pKa=more acidic) |
| Kw= | 1 x 10^-7 |
| When pH=pKa? | Concentrations of acid and conj. base are equal |
| Neutral pH= | neutral pKa |
| Neutral solution | concentration of acid is roughly equal to concentration of conjugate base (when acid is not "strong") |
| Low pH solution | larger Ka |
| High pH solution | smaller Ka |
Created by:
Slayy