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AP Unit 2 chapter 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anti-Natalist Policies | Government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase |
| Pro-Natalist Policies | Government policies to increase the rate of natural increase |
| Demographic Transition Model | A sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time. |
| DTM Stage 1 | High Stationary: high death rates and high birth rates, low to no NIR. No current countries. |
| DTM Stage 2 | High Growth: very high CBR, rapidly decreasing CDR, very high NIR |
| DTM Stage 3 | Moderate Growth: Rapidly declining CBR, moderately declining CDR, moderate NIR |
| DTM Stage 4 | Low Stationary: very low CBR and CDR, so low NIR or ZPG |
| DTM Stage 5 | Declining: CDR is greater than or equal to CBR, leading to negative NIR |
| Expansive Population Pyramid | Population with a high birth rate, high deaths rates and low life expectancy (Stages 1 and 2) |
| Stationary Population Pyramid | Population that is not significantly growing or shrinking (Stage 3 and 4) |
| Contracting Population Pyramid | shows a population with a decreasing number of young people and will eventually lead to a smaller population overall (Stage 5) |
| Epidemiologic Transition Model | A model highlighting the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition |
| ETM Stage 1 | Pestilence, famine, and human conflict cause high CDR (Ex. Black Plague) |
| ETM Stage 2 | the age of receding pandemics death rates decline progressively -Improved sanitation and medicine. Population Booms |
| ETM Stage 3 | degenerative and human created diseases -Chronic diseases, like Heart disease and increase in Cancer |
| ETM Stage 4 | medicine delays degenerative diseases; life expectancy reaches a peak. People die from old age diseases. |
| ETM Stage 5 | a proposed stage of reemergence of infectious and parasitic diseases and some become resistant to antibiotics; CDR increases |
| Malthusian Theory | Focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and starvation. |
| Positive Checks | Events that increase deaths, including epidemics of infectious and parasitic diseases, war, famine, and natural disasters. -Shorten lifespan |
| Preventative Checks | These are measures taken by humans to reduce shortages. This is reducing the population through better family planning and/or anti-natalist policies. |
| Boserup Hypothesis | Population growth compels subsistence farmers to consider new farming approaches that produce enough food to take care of the additional people. |
| Neo-Malthusian Theory | Belief that overpopulation will lead to the depletion of nonrenewable resources and pollution of renewable resources that would then threaten the food supply. - Modern anti-natalist policies and family planning |
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