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ES ch. 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Observation | the process of obtaining information by using the senses; the information obtained by using the senses |
| Hypothesis | a testable idea or explanation that leads to scientific investigation |
| Prediction | a statement made in advance that expresses the results that will be obtained from testing a hypothesis if the hypothesis is supported; the expected outcome if a hypothesis is accurate |
| Experiment | a procedure that is carried out under controlled conditions to discover, demonstrate, or test a fact, theory, or general truth |
| Variable | a factor that changes in an experiment in order to test a hypothesis |
| Experimental Group | in an experiment, a group that is identical to a control group except for one factor and that is compared with the control group |
| Control Group | in an experiment, a group that serves as a standard of comparison with another group to which the control group is identical except for one factor |
| Data | any pieces of information acquired through observation or experimental |
| Correlation | the linear dependence between two variables |
| Statistics | the collection and classification of data that are in the form of numbers |
| Mean | the number obtained by adding up the data for a given characteristic and dividing this sum by the number of individuals |
| Distribution | the relative arrangement of the members of a statistical population; usually shown in a graph |
| Probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
| Sample | the group of individuals or events selected to represent a statistical population |
| Risk | the probability of an unwanted outcome |
| Model | a pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure or workings of an object, system, or concept |
| Conceptual Model | a verbal or graphical explanation for how a system works or is organized |
| Mathematical Model | one or more equations that represent the way a system or process works |
| Value | a principle or standard that an individual considers to be important |
| Decision-Making Model | a conceptual Model that provides a systematic process for making decisions |
Created by:
chloeshaver