Question 1

Rhetoric

Accepted Answer

the art of effective use of persuasion

Examples: Simile, metaphor, hyperbole, allusion, oxymoron, irony, etc.
       Metaphor example: The sky was a canvas painted with colors.

Question 2

Discourse

Accepted Answer

the use of language (speech, writing, communication) to share ideas, insights, and information
       Examples: Argument, description, narrative, expository

Question 3

Syntax

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language; conveys meaning and tone; develops speaker’s voice; emphasizes ideas
Example: She loves cooking, her family, and her dog.

Question 4

Diction

Accepted Answer

The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing; determines style, makes tone
Examples: 
Formal diction: The automobile was inoperable. 
Informal diction: The car broke down.
Slang
Colloquial
Jargon

Question 5

Language

Accepted Answer

The overall style of expression in a text (formal, figurative, plain, academic, poetic, etc.). [system used when communicating]
Examples: 
Verbal v nonverbal communication
Research paper- formal language,
Diary entry -casual language.

Question 6

Purpose

Accepted Answer

The reason an author writes a text or the goal they want to achieve. 
Example: 
Interrogative (Questioning)
Declarative (communicate information directly.)
Exclamatory (communicate heightened emotion [greetings, warnings, etc])
Imperative (Command)

Question 7

Mood

Accepted Answer

The atmosphere or emotional feeling created by a piece of writing/author; disposition of the mind
          Example: The dark, stormy night created a mood of suspense and fear.

Question 8

Tone

Accepted Answer

The author's attitude toward the subject or audience conveyed through their writing/language. 
       Example: Sarcastic tone: "Oh great, another homework assignment!"

Question 9

Motif

Accepted Answer

A recurring element or idea in a work of literature; NOT the theme, DEVELOPS the theme
         Example: The motif of light vs. darkness appears throughout Romeo and Juliet.

Question 10

Audience

Accepted Answer

The group of readers or viewers that the author is addressing. 
             Example: A children's book is written with a young audience in mind.

Question 11

Exigence

Accepted Answer

The specific issue or problem that prompts a writer to create a text; driving force/trigger
           Example: An environmental crisis can be the exigence behind a speech on climate change.

Question 12

Context

Accepted Answer

The circumstances or background information surrounding a text or event. 
            Example: Understanding the historical context of the Civil Rights Movement helps interpret Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches.

Question 13

Style

Accepted Answer

The distinctive way an author uses language, including word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language. 
  Ex: William Shakespeare's style is known for his use of iambic pantameter, rich imagery, clever wordplay and puns, and formal language.

Question 14

Strategy

Accepted Answer

A plan or method an author uses to achieve their purpose. 
    Example: Using repetition as a rhetorical strategy to emphasize a point;   Mode of discourse

Question 15

Description

Accepted Answer

A detailed account that creates a vivid picture of a person, place, thing, or event; uses lots of figurative language to create imagery
     Example: “The bright red apple glistened under the sunlight, its skin smooth and inviting.”

Question 16

Narrative

Accepted Answer

A spoken or written account of connected events; a story; structured telling of a story
       Example: “Once upon a time, there was a brave knight who fought monsters.”

Question 17

Persuasion

Accepted Answer

The act of convincing someone to believe or do something.
       Example: An advertisement persuades consumers to buy a product by highlighting its benefits.

Question 18

Argument

Accepted Answer

A reasoned set of ideas presented to support or oppose a claim. 
      Example: The essay argues that school uniforms help students focus better in class.

Question 19

Exposition

Accepted Answer

Background information/context that explains or informs about a topic or idea. 
      Example:  “You remember your uncle, Thomas. He was the one that gave you that black bicycle at your thirteenth birthday party. Well, he has moved back to town.”

Question 20

Ethos

Accepted Answer

Appeal to credibility or character to persuade an audience. 
      Example: A doctor giving advice on health to establish trust.

Question 21

Pathos

Accepted Answer

Appeal to emotions to persuade an audience. 
       Example: A charity ad showing sad animals to create sympathy.

Question 22

Logos

Accepted Answer

Appeal to logic and reason to persuade an audience. 
      Example: Using statistics and data to show the effectiveness of a vaccine.

AP Lang Vocab

Rhetorical Devices

Term	Definition
Rhetoric	the art of effective use of persuasion Examples: Simile, metaphor, hyperbole, allusion, oxymoron, irony, etc. Metaphor example: The sky was a canvas painted with colors.
Discourse	the use of language (speech, writing, communication) to share ideas, insights, and information Examples: Argument, description, narrative, expository
Syntax	The arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language; conveys meaning and tone; develops speaker’s voice; emphasizes ideas Example: She loves cooking, her family, and her dog.
Diction	The choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing; determines style, makes tone Examples: Formal diction: The automobile was inoperable. Informal diction: The car broke down. Slang Colloquial Jargon
Language	The overall style of expression in a text (formal, figurative, plain, academic, poetic, etc.). [system used when communicating] Examples: Verbal v nonverbal communication Research paper- formal language, Diary entry -casual language.
Purpose	The reason an author writes a text or the goal they want to achieve. Example: Interrogative (Questioning) Declarative (communicate information directly.) Exclamatory (communicate heightened emotion [greetings, warnings, etc]) Imperative (Command)
Mood	The atmosphere or emotional feeling created by a piece of writing/author; disposition of the mind Example: The dark, stormy night created a mood of suspense and fear.
Tone	The author's attitude toward the subject or audience conveyed through their writing/language. Example: Sarcastic tone: "Oh great, another homework assignment!"
Motif	A recurring element or idea in a work of literature; NOT the theme, DEVELOPS the theme Example: The motif of light vs. darkness appears throughout Romeo and Juliet.
Audience	The group of readers or viewers that the author is addressing. Example: A children's book is written with a young audience in mind.
Exigence	The specific issue or problem that prompts a writer to create a text; driving force/trigger Example: An environmental crisis can be the exigence behind a speech on climate change.
Context	The circumstances or background information surrounding a text or event. Example: Understanding the historical context of the Civil Rights Movement helps interpret Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches.
Style	The distinctive way an author uses language, including word choice, sentence structure, and figurative language. Ex: William Shakespeare's style is known for his use of iambic pantameter, rich imagery, clever wordplay and puns, and formal language.
Strategy	A plan or method an author uses to achieve their purpose. Example: Using repetition as a rhetorical strategy to emphasize a point; Mode of discourse
Description	A detailed account that creates a vivid picture of a person, place, thing, or event; uses lots of figurative language to create imagery Example: “The bright red apple glistened under the sunlight, its skin smooth and inviting.”
Narrative	A spoken or written account of connected events; a story; structured telling of a story Example: “Once upon a time, there was a brave knight who fought monsters.”
Persuasion	The act of convincing someone to believe or do something. Example: An advertisement persuades consumers to buy a product by highlighting its benefits.
Argument	A reasoned set of ideas presented to support or oppose a claim. Example: The essay argues that school uniforms help students focus better in class.
Exposition	Background information/context that explains or informs about a topic or idea. Example: “You remember your uncle, Thomas. He was the one that gave you that black bicycle at your thirteenth birthday party. Well, he has moved back to town.”
Ethos	Appeal to credibility or character to persuade an audience. Example: A doctor giving advice on health to establish trust.
Pathos	Appeal to emotions to persuade an audience. Example: A charity ad showing sad animals to create sympathy.
Logos	Appeal to logic and reason to persuade an audience. Example: Using statistics and data to show the effectiveness of a vaccine.

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