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Chapter 3
Integumentary System: Diseases & Conditions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Protection | The skin covers the body and acts as a physical barrier that protects underlying tissues from physical damage, UV rays, & pathogenic invasion. By keeping fluids inside the body, the skin also protects against dehydration. |
| Body Temperature Maintenance | The skin contains sweat glands that secrete (produce and release) fluid in the form of perspiration. This process helps regulate the body's internal temperature. |
| Excretion | During perspiration, the sweat glands flush small amounts of waste products composed of water, salt, & organic compounds out of the body. (Organic compounds are the chemical compounds that make up living organisms.) |
| Perception of Stimuli | The skin contains a large number of nerve endings and reports that detect stimuli related to temperature, touch, pressure, & pain. Specialized nerve fibers in the dermis, the layer of skin beneath the epidermis (the outermost skin layer), act as receptors |
| Acne | Inflammatory disorder of the sebaceous glands that produces pimples on the skin. |
| Albinism | An inherited condition that prevents the normal production of melanin, resulting in extremely pale skin and white hair. |
| Alopecia | Hair loss that results from genetics, normal aging, illness, or drugs used to treat certain diseases. |
| Burns | Injuries to skin tissue caused by prolonged heat contact. |
| First-Degree Burn | A skin burn characterized by superficial epidermal injury; erythema, or redness; hyperesthesia, or increased sensitivity, especially to touch; and no blisters (ex: sunburns). |
| Second-Degree Burn | Skin burn that is characterized by epidermal and dermal injury, erythema, and hyperesthesia. |
| Third-Degree Burn | Skin burn in which the epidermis and dermis are destroyed; this type of burn produces severe hyperesthesia or anesthesia (numbness), depending on the degree of nerve damage. |
| Pustule | A small, infected skin elevation that contains pus; abscess. |
| Ciatrix | A scar left by a healed wound. |
| Cyanosis | Blue or purple discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to insufficient blood oxygen or poor circulation. Many circulatory and respiratory conditions produce cyanosis. |
| Ecchymosis | Black-and-blue or purplish bruise caused by ruptured blood vessels beneath the skin. |
| Eczema | Acute or chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema, itchiness, and edema, or swelling. Also called dermatitis. May occur alone or in conjunction with another disease. |
| Gangrene | Necrosis, or death, of tissue due to blood loss, followed by bacterial infection. |
| Keloid | An abnormally raised, thickened scar. |
| Impetigo | Bacterial infection of the skin characterized by vesicles (small, fluid-like sacs), pustules (small, pus-filled blisters), and crusted-over lesions. |
| Lesions, Cancerous | An area of malignant (cancerous) tissue. |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Commonly slow-growing, malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis; seldom metastasizes, or spreads to other sites in the body. |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | Malignant cancer that causes erythematous (red) or purplish patches in the lining of the mouth, nose, and throat or in other organs and tissues; a disease often seen in patients with AIDS. |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis. this tumor may grow in other organs lined with epithelial cells (for example, the mouth, lungs, or cervix). |
| Malignant Melanoma | Cancerous growth composed of melanocytes; begins as an irregularly shaped macule (flat, discolored area of skin) and then changes color and texture. Classified as level 1, 2, 3, or 4 (typically written in Roman numerals), depending on level of penetration |
| Lesions, Noncancerous | An area of benign (noncancerous) tissue. |
| Cyst | A closed, thick-walled sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid material; develops in a cavity or other structure of the body. |
| Fissure | A groove or crack, as in a sore. |
| Macule | A small, flat, discolored (brownish or red) lesion on the skin; freckle. |
| Nevus | A highly pigmented lesion of the skin that is flat or raised; mole. |
| Nodule | A solid skin elevation larger than one centimeter in diameter; may develop in the epidermis, dermis, or subcutaneous layer. |
| Papule | A solid skin elevation with distinct borders and a diameter of less than one centimeter; pimple. |
| Polyp | A small, mushroom-like growth, typically benign, that extends from the surface of a mucous membrane. |
| Ulcer | An open sore or an erosion of the skin or lining of a mucous membrane. |
| Vesicle | A small, raised skin lesion filled with clear liquid; blister. |
| Wheal | A smooth, slightly swollen area that is redder or paler than the surrounding skin; a characteristic of hives. |
| Petechia | Round, pinpoint spots on the skin caused by intradermal hemorrhage (bleeding into the skin). |
| Psoriasis | A chronic disease marked by itchy, erythematous skin with silvery patches. |
| Purpura | A purple or brownish-red rash in which blood leaks from vessels into the skin or mucous membranes. |
| Scabies | A contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus, or itching. |
| Scleroderma | A chronic, progressive disease of the skin marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue, which causes edema or pain in the muscles or joints. |
| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus | A chronic, inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs. SLE is an autoimmune disease, one in which the body's immune system attacks healthy tissues. |
| Tinea | A skin infection caused by a fungus. |
| Urticaria | Hives with localized swelling and itching. |
| Wart | A small, hard, benign skin growth caused by a virus (usually a papillomavirus). |
| Varicose | Veins that have a twisting appearance due to loss of elasticity. Varicose veins may be deep or superficial (close to the surface). Superficial varicose veins are called "spider veins." |
| Vitiligo | Loss of pigment in one or more areas of the skin, creating the appearance of milky-white patches. |
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