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Unit 3 AH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define the null hypothesis. | The experimental treatment has no statistically significant effect |
| If there is evidence of a causative effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable then the null hypothesis should be | rejected |
| One off results must be treated with caution as results must be | reproducible |
| Name two methods of sharing original scientific findings. | Seminars talks posters at conferences publishing in academic journals. |
| Define peer review. | Specialists with expertise in the relevant field assess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript and make recommendations regarding its suitability for publication. |
| Explain the term review article | A summary of the current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field |
| Explain the importance of the replication of experiments by others reduces the opportunity for dishonesty or the deliberate misuse of science. | Reduces the opportunity for 1. dishonesty 2 deliberate misuse of science. |
| State the 3R's to avoid, reduce or minimise the harm to animals | 1. Replace 2. Reduce 3. Refine treatments |
| Define the term confounding variable. | variables controlled so that any measured effect of the dependent variable is likely to be due to changes to the independent variable. |
| State two ways of improving the reliability of results | 1. consistent values in repeats of datum points 2. independent replicates. |
| Define what is meant by accurate measurements | Data is close to the true value. |
| Define what is meant by precise measurements. | Measured values of one datum point are close to each other. |
| Describe 2 advantages of carrying out a pilot study. | 1. plan procedures 2. assess validity 3. check techniques 4. evaluation/modification of experimental design 5. appropriate range of values for independent variable 6. establish number of repeat measurements for each independent datum point |
| The variable that is changed in a scientific experiment is termed the | independent variable |
| The variable being measured in a scientific experiment. | dependent variable |
| Experimentation using a whole, living organism is termed in vivo or in vitro | In vivo |
| Performing a given procedure in a controlled environment on cells in culture or organelles within cells is termed in vivo or in vitro | In vivo |
| Explain the situation when representative sampling would occur | When it is impossible to measure every individual |
| Name the factor that determines the appropriate sample size | The extent of the natural variation within a population |
| More variable populations require a smaller or larger sample size. | Larger sample size |
| Define what is meant by a representative sample. | Shares the same mean and the same degree of variation about the mean as the population as a whole |
| State the 3 types of sampling | 1. random 2. systematic 3. stratified |
| Define random sampling. | Members of the population have an equal chance of being selected. |
| Define systematic sampling. | Members of a population are selected at regular intervals. |
| Define stratified sampling. | The population is divided into categories that are then sampled proportionally. |
| Explain how the strength of of correlation can be determined | Correlation is proportional to the spread of values from line of best fit. |
| The stronger the correlation, the ___________ the values are to the line of best fit. | closer/nearer |
| Which type of correlation shows an increase in one variable as the other variable decrease. | Negative correlation |
| Which type of correlation exists when an increase in one variable is accompanied by an increase in the other variable. | Positive correlation |
| Explain the situation when causation can be determined. | Causation exists if the changes in the values of the independent variable are known to cause changes to the value of the dependent variable |
| ______________________is an association and does not imply causation. | Correlation |
| Which type of data is subjective and descriptive qualitative or quantative. | qualitative |
| Which type of data is measured objectively, usually with a numerical value - quantative or qualitative | quantative |
| Which type of data transforms into data sorted from lowest to highest. | ranked |
| Define an aim | An aim links the independent and dependent variables. |
| Define sampling bias | Selection of a sample in a non-random way, so that the sample is not representative of the whole population. |
| Describe how to overcome sampling bias | Representative sampling |
| Define an error bar | Shows the variability of data around a mean |
| Describe what is shown by overlapping error bars at different datum points between treatment and control | No statistical significance between treatment and control. |
| Give one consideration that must be taken into account when carrying out sampling in an ecosystem. | Carried out in a way that minimises impact on environment OR Consideration of rare/vulnerable species |
Created by:
brightminds