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533 Concepts
Fluency-Based Instruction for EDSPE 533
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| the science of how environment impacts behavior | Behavior analysis |
| description, prediction, control | Goals of behavior analysis |
| all events have a cause | Determinism |
| knowledge comes from our senses | Empiricism |
| using the simplest adequate explanation | Parsimony |
| continually questioning what is considered fact | Philosophic Doubt |
| Variation occurs and those that work best are kept while the others fade. | Selectionism |
| value is judged by practical effects | Pragmatism |
| the philosophy that behavior can be explained by environmental influences | Behaviorism |
| the philosopy that the mind controls behavior | Mentalism |
| attempts to understand all behavior including private events | Radical Behaviorism |
| experimental research to discover basic principles of behavior | Experimental Analysis of Behavior |
| research on applying principles of behavior to socially significant problems | Applied Behavior Analysis |
| the use of behavioral principles to solve socially significant problems | Professional practice guided by behavior analysis |
| effective improvements that enhance people's lives | Applied |
| targets behavior that is observable and measurable | Behavioral |
| experimentally able to control occurrence and nonoccurrence of behavior | Analytic |
| describes procedures with sufficient clarity to allow replication | Technological |
| based on the principles of behavior analysis | Conceptually systematic |
| improves behavior to a practical degree | Effective |
| over time, in new environments, in untrained behaviors | Generality |
| the activity of living organisms | Behavior |
| a specific instance of behavior | Response |
| the physical shape or form of behavior | Topography (response topography) |
| the effect of behavior on the environment | Function (response function) |
| a group of responses with the same function | Response class |
| all of the behaviors a person can do | Repertoire |
| the full set of physical circumstances in which the organism exists | Environment |
| an energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells | Stimulus |
| group of stimuli that all evoke the same response | Stimulus class |
| behavior elicited by antecedent stimuli | Respondent behavior |
| Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus causing it to elicit the conditioned response | Respondent conditioning |
| a stimulus that elicits a response without previous pairing with another stimulus | Unconditioned stimulus |
| a response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus | Unconditioned response |
| a stimulus that elicits a response because of previous pairing with another stimulus | Conditioned stimulus |
| a response elicited by a conditioned stimulus | Conditioned response |
| presenting the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or an already established conditioned stimulus | Respondent extinction |
| establishing a conditioned stimulus by pairing a neutral stimulus with an already-conditioned stimulus | Higher order conditioning |
| a decrease in responseness to repeated presentations of a stimulus | Habituation |
| relationship between an antecedent and the respondent behavior elicited | Reflex |
| behavior determined primarily by its history of consequences | Operant behavior |
| the process and selective effects of consequences on behavior | Operant conditioning |
| when a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring more often | Reinforcement |
| when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior | Positive reinforcement |
| a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of an aversive stimulus, resulting in an increase in the future frequency of the behavior | Negative reinforcement |
| a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring less often | Punishment |
| when a response is followed immediately by the presentation of an aversive stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior | Positive punishment |
| when a response is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus, resulting in a decrease in the future frequency of the behavior. | Negative punishment |
| an if/then relationship between the environment and behavior | Contingency |
| the response itself automatically produces the consequence. | Automatic contingency |
| another person provides the consequence | Socially-mediated |
| reinforcement of a previously-reinforced behavior is discontinued | Extinction |
| when the occurrence of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus | Stimulus control |
| an antecedent stimulus correlated with the availability of reinforcement for a particular response class | Discriminative Stimulus |
| behavior and consequence | Two term contingency |
| antecedent, behavior and consequence | Three term contingency |
| motivating operation, antecedent, behavior and consequence | Four term contingency |
| antecedent that alters the effectiveness of a reinforcer and alters the current frequency of behavior associated with it | Motivating operation |
| an MO that increases the current effectiveness of a reinforcer | Establishing operation |
| an MO that decreases the current effectiveness of a reinforcer | Abolishing operation |
| a reinforcer that doesn't require prior pairing with another form of reinforcement | Unconditioned reinforcer |
| a reinforcer that requires prior pairing with another form of reinforcement | Conditioned reinforcer |
| doesn't depend on a current EO | Generalized conditioned reinforcer |
| any high-probability activity may serve as a reinforcer for any low-probability activity | Premack principle |
| identifies preferred stimuli | Preference assessment |
| tests whether a stimulus functions as a reinforcer | Reinforcer assessment |
| a response terminates an ongoing stimulus | Escape contingency |
| a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus | Avoidance contingency |
| responses at any time delay the presentation of a stimulus | Free operant avoidance |
| responding in the presense of a signal prevents the presentation of a stimulus | Discriminated avoidance |
| a stimulus that precedes a negative reinforcer | Warning stimulus |
| a change in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus | Value-altering effect |
| a change in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by a specific stimulus | Behavior-altering effect |
| a increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by a specific stimulus | Evocative effect |
| a decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by a specific stimulus | Abative effect |
| an MO whose value-altering effect does not depend on a learning history | Unconditioned Motivating Operation |
| an MO whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history | Conditioned Motivating Operation |
| a stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO | Surrogate CMO |
| a stimulus that acquires MO effectiveness by preceding some form of worsening | Reflexive CMO |
| a stimulus that establishes the effectiveness of another stimulus as a reinforcer | Transitive CMO |
| reinforcement for each occurrence of target behavior | Continuous reinforcement |
| reinforcement for only some of the occurrences of target behavior | Intermittent reinforcement |
| fixed interval, fixed ratio, variable interval, variable ratio | Basic schedules |
| a schedule requiring a certain number of responses for reinforcement | Fixed ratio |
| a schedule requiring the completion of a variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer | Variable ratio |
| a schedule that provides reinforement for the first response following a certain duration of time | Fixed interval |
| a sechedule that provides reinforement for the first response following a variable duration of time | Variable interval |
| high rate of responding followed by a noticeable pause after reinforcement | Effects of a fixed ratio |
| low rate of responding that gradually increases before reinforcement | Effects of a fixed interval |
| high and steady rate of responding with few pauses | Effects of a variable ratio |
| moderate and consistent rate of responding | Effects of a variable interval |
| changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing required number of responses or length of the interval | Schedule thinning |
| abrupt increases in requirements for reinforcement results in cessation of responding | Ratio strain |
| a reinforcer is delivered after a passage of time regardless of responses | Fixed time schedule |
| reinforcement of responses higher than a predetermined criterion | Differential reinforcement of high rates |
| reinforcement of responses lower than a predetermined criterion | Differential reinforcement of low rates |
| a schedule of reinforcement consisting of two or more elements | Compound schedules |
| two or more contingencies of reinforcement operating independently and simultaneously for 2 or more behaviors | Concurrent schedules |
| two or more contingencies of reinforcement, each with an SD, for the same behavior operate successively | Multiple schedules |
| two or more basic schedules, each with an SD, operating in a specified sequence | Chained schedules |
| two or more contingencies of reinforcement, each with no SD, for the same behavior operate successively | Mixed schedule |
Created by:
PRO Teacher
dr.glick